Lớp Phật Pháp Buddhadhamma: June 2020

Trung Bộ Kinh - Majjhima Nikaya

Giảng sư: TT Tuệ Quyền

GIÁO TRÌNH TRUNG BỘ KINH HƯỚNG DẪN BÀI HỌC NGÀY 30/6/2020

10. Kinh Niệm Xứ (Satipaṭṭhāna Sutta)

Sở dĩ gọi là Kinh Niệm Xứ (Satipatthàna sutta) vì là pháp thoại của Đức Phật có nội dung dạy tứ niệm xứ. Trong chánh tạng Pali bài kinh mang tên Mahāsatipaṭṭhānasuttaṃ dịch cho đầy đủ là Đại Kinh Niệm Xứ tuy nhiên trong Trường Bộ (Dìghanikàya) có bài kinh tương tự với một đoạn về niệm tứ đế mang nhiều chi tiết hơn có lẽ vì vậy trong Trung Bộ dịch là Kinh Niệm Xứ thay vì Đại Kinh Niệm Xứ. Đây là bài kinh “kinh điển” dạy về bốn niệm xứ: thân quán niệm xứ, thọ quán niệm xứ, tâm quán niệm xứ, và pháp quán niệm xứ. Lời kinh hết sức hàm xúc cô đọng. Ý nghĩa thường được giảng dạy rộng rãi mang nhiều dị biệt trên cả hai phương diện kinh viện và thực hành. Cho đến ngày nay các vị thiền sư và học giả vẫn có nhiều ý kiến tương phản hay khác biệt. Người học cần tìm hiểu với tâm rộng mở, cẩn trọng và khách quan đặc biệt là giảng giải trên phương diện ứng dụng.

Kuru là là quốc độ nằm tại Bắc Ấn ngày nay chồng lấn với thủ đô Dehli. Hiện vẫn còn di tích với bia đá do vua Asoka dựng lên đánh dấu nơi Đức Phật dạy Kinh Niệm Xứ. Trong xã hội loài người có hiện tượng một vùng đất nào đó nổi bật về kỹ thuật, âm nhạc, nghệ thuật, ẩm thực... thời xưa người Kuru nổi tiếng về ... tu thiền tứ niệm xứ.

Chữ sati - dịch là niệm - nguyên nghĩa là ghi nhận và ghi nhớ. Sati được giải rộng với nhiều nghĩa tuỳ theo ngữ cảnh. Trong tứ niệm xứ có thể hiểu là: sự hướng tâm ghi nhận một cách tỉnh táo những gì vừa xẩy ra hoặc đang xẩy ra.

Từ kép satipatthàna được giải thích theo hai cách:

a. Sati + upaṭṭhāna. Upaṭṭhāna có nghĩa là cấu thành, nền tảng hay cơ sở (như câu “cơ sở lý luận)

b. Sati + paṭṭhāna. Paṭṭhāna có nghĩa là chỗ, nơi, phạm vi, phạm trù. HT Nhất Hạnh dịch là bốn lãnh vực quán niệm. Thiền sư Sìlananda dịch là Four Foundations of Mindfullness (Bốn nền tản của chánh niệm)

Tứ niệm xứ không phải là bốn cách niệm mà là bốn cảnh giới của niệm.

046. Giá trị căn bản thiết thực của pháp tu tứ niệm xứ

Đức Phật ngôn mở đầu với sự khẳng định những điểm đặc thù của tứ niệm xứ:

Con đường độc nhất (Ekāyano ayaṃ maggo)

Đây là điểm mang nhiều tranh luận. Nhiều học giả không đồng ý cách giải: Chỉ có cách tu duy nhất nầy dẫn đến giác ngộ giải thoát. Ngài Ñànamoli giải thích là “Đây là con đường để đi và đó là đường một chiều (a path that goes in one way only) ”. Sớ giải thì đưa ra nhiều giải thích: độc lộ hay lối đi duy nhất – con đường mà mỗi cá nhân phải tự đi không ai đi giùm – hành trình không có bạn lữ mà phải đi một mình – con đường chỉ có một điểm đến là niết bàn – con đường không có ngã rẽ - con đường trực tiếp không thông qua các thiền chứng (....) – con đường trực tiếp không phải đi vòng hay qua trung gian.

Trong ý nghĩa “con đường trực tiếp” các học giả Nhật Bản nêu lên quan điểm có lẽ dịch chuẩn nhất là theo cách nói “rất Đại Thừa”: Trực chỉ chân tâm, kiến tánh thành Phật (cảm nhận trực tiếp, thấy rõ bản chất thì thành tựu tuệ giác)

Đưa đến thanh tịnh cho chúng sanh (sattānaṃ visuddhiyā)

Là sự tu tập dẫn để tẩy sạch cấu uế nội tâm. Sống với chánh niệm đúng nghĩa là quán sát thực tại không qua lăng kính của vô minh và ái.

Vượt khỏi sầu não (sokaparidevānaṃ samatikkamāya)

Chánh niệm có khả năng hoá giải những sầu muộn do “bi kịch hoá” những điều trái ý nghịch lòng như câu: bậc thánh bị một mũi tên còn phàm nhân bị hai mũi tên: vừa khổ với điều nghịch ý vừa khuyếch đại đau khổ bằng phản ứng bất như lý tác ý.

Đọan tận khổ ưu (dukkhadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamāya)

Khổ ưu là đau khổ thân tâm hay năm uẩn. Không ai có thể đoạn tất cả đau khổ của cuộc sống bằng cầu nguyện, bằng say sưa, bằng tự vẫn. Chánh niệm dẫn đến giác ngộ giải thoát đó là giải pháp toàn diện.

Thành tựu chánh trí (ñāyassa adhigamāya)

Chánh niệm giúp hành giả quán sát thực tại bằng thái độ khách quan, trung thực. Những hiểu biết về vô thường, bất lạc, vô ngã không do suy diễn mà được thắp sáng từ trãi nghiệm trực tiếp.

Chứng ngộ Niết-bàn (nibbānassa sacchikiriya)

Chữ sacchikiriya nên hiểu là hiện thực (như giấc mơ được hiện thực). Đối với hành giả tu tứ niệm xứ thì sự tịch tịnh an lạc tối thượng được trở thành sự thật bằng chánh niệm.

Như vầy tôi nghe.

Một thời Thế Tôn ở xứ Kuru (Câu-lâu), Kammāssadhamma (kiềm-ma sắt đàm) là đô thị của xứ Kuru. Rồi Thế Tôn gọi các Tỷ-kheo: “Này các Tỷ-kheo. – “Bạch Thế Tôn,” các tỷ kheo ấy vâng đáp Thế Tôn. Thế Tôn thuyết giảng như sau:

-- Này các Tỷ-kheo, đây là con đường độc nhất đưa đến thanh tịnh cho chúng sanh, vượt khỏi sầu não, diệt trừ khổ ưu, thành tựu chánh trí, chứng ngộ Niết-bàn. Ðó là Bốn Niệm xứ.

Thế nào là bốn? Này các Tỷ-kheo, ở đây Tỷ-kheo sống quán thân trên thân, nhiệt tâm, tỉnh giác, chánh niệm để chế ngự tham ưu ở đời; sống quán thọ trên các thọ, nhiệt tâm, tỉnh giác, chánh niệm để chế ngự tham ưu ở đời; sống quán tâm trên tâm, nhiệt tâm, tỉnh giác, chánh niệm để chế ngự tham ưu ở đời; sống quán pháp trên các pháp, nhiệt tâm, tỉnh giác, chánh niệm để chế ngự tham ưu ở đời.

Bài học ngày 1.7.2020

(Quán thân)

Và này các Tỷ-kheo, thế nào là Tỷ-kheo sống quán thân trên thân? Này các Tỷ-kheo, ở đây, Tỷ-kheo đi đến khu rừng, đi đến gốc cây, hay đi đến ngôi nhà trống, và ngồi kiết già, lưng thẳng và an trú chánh niệm trước mặt. Tỉnh giác, vị ấy thở vô; tỉnh giác, vị ấy thở ra. Thở vô dài, vị ấy tuệ tri: "Tôi thở vô dài"; hay thở ra dài, vị ấy tuệ tri: "Tôi thở ra dài"; hay thở vô ngắn, vị ấy tuệ tri: "Tôi thở vô ngắn"; hay thở ra ngắn, vị ấy tuệ tri: "Tôi thở ra ngắn". "Cảm giác toàn thân, tôi sẽ thở vô", vị ấy tập; "Cảm giác toàn thân, tôi sẽ thở ra", vị ấy tập; "An tịnh toàn thân, tôi sẽ thở vô", vị ấy tập; "An tịnh toàn thân, tôi sẽ thở ra", vị ấy tập. Này các Tỷ-kheo, như người thợ quay hay học trò người thợ quay thiện xảo khi quay dài, tuệ tri: "Tôi quay dài" hay khi quay ngắn, tuệ tri: "Tôi quay ngắn". Cũng vậy, này các Tỷ-kheo, Tỷ- kheo thở vô dài, tuệ tri: "Tôi thở vô dài"; hay thở ra dài, tuệ tri: "Tôi thở ra dài"; hay thở vô ngắn, tuệ tri: "Tôi thở vô ngắn"; hay thở ra ngắn, tuệ tri: "Tôi thở ra ngắn". "Cảm giác toàn thân, tôi sẽ thở vô", vị ấy tập; "Cảm giác toàn thân, tôi sẽ thở ra", vị ấy tập; "An tịnh toàn thân, tôi sẽ thở vô", vị ấy tập; "An tịnh toàn thân, tôi sẽ thở ra", vị ấy tập.

Như vậy, vị ấy sống quán thân trên nội thân hay sống quán thân trên ngoại thân; hay sống quán thân trên cả nội thân, ngoại thân; hay vị ấy sống quán tánh sanh khởi trên thân; hay sống quán tánh diệt tận trên thân; hay sống quán tánh sanh diệt trên thân. "Có thân đây", vị ấy an trú chánh niệm như vậy, với hy vọng hướng đến chánh trí, chánh niệm. Và vị ấy không nương tựa, không chấp trước vật gì trên đời. Này các Tỷ-kheo, như vậy là Tỷ-kheo sống quán thân trên thân.

Lại nữa, này các Tỷ-kheo, Tỷ-kheo đi, tuệ tri: "Tôi đi", hay đứng, tuệ tri: "Tôi đứng", hay ngồi, tuệ tri: "Tôi ngồi", hay nằm, tuệ tri: "Tôi nằm". Thân thể được sử dụng như thế nào, vị ấy tuệ tri thân như thế ấy.

Vị ấy sống quán thân trên nội thân; hay vị ấy sống quán thân trên ngoại thân; hay vị ấy sống quán thân trên nội thân, ngoại thân; hay vị ấy sống quán tánh sanh khởi trên thân; hay vị ấy sống quán tánh diệt tận trên thân; hay vị ấy sống quán tánh sanh diệt trên thân. "Có thân đây", vị ấy an trú chánh niệm như vậy, với hy vọng hướng đến chánh trí, chánh niệm. Và vị ấy sống không nương tựa, không chấp trước một vật gì trên đời. Này các Tỷ-kheo, như vậy là Tỷ-kheo sống quán thân trên thân.

Lại nữa, này các Tỷ-kheo, Tỷ-kheo, khi bước tới bước lui, biết rõ việc mình đang làm; khi ngó tới ngó lui, biết rõ việc mình đang làm; khi co tay, khi duỗi tay, biết rõ việc mình đang làm; khi mang áo Sanghati (Tăng già lê), mang bát, mang y, biết rõ việc mình đang làm; khi ăn, uống, nhai, nếm, biết rõ việc mình đang làm; khi đại tiện, tiểu tiện, biết rõ việc mình đang làm; khi đi, đứng, ngồi, ngủ, thức, nói, im lặng, biết rõ việc mình đang làm.

Như vậy, vị ấy sống quán thân trên nội thân; hay sống quán thân trên ngoại thân; hay sống quán thân trên cả nội thân, ngoại thân. Hay vị ấy sống quán tánh sanh khởi trên thân; hay sống quán tánh diệt tận trên thân; hay sống quán tánh sanh diệt trên thân. "Có thân đây", vị ấy an trú chánh niệm như vậy, với hy vọng hướng đến chánh trí, chánh niệm. Và vị ấy sống không nương tựa, không chấp trước một vật gì trên đời. Này các Tỷ-kheo, như vậy là Tỷ-kheo sống quán thân trên thân.

Lại nữa, này các Tỷ-kheo, Tỷ-kheo quán sát thân này, dưới từ bàn chân trở lên, trên cho đến đảnh tóc, bao bọc bởi da và chứa đầy những vật bất tịnh sai biệt. Trong thân này: "Ðây là tóc, lông, móng, răng, da, thịt, gân, xương, thận, tủy, tim, gan, hoành cách mô, lá lách, phổi, ruột, màng ruột, bụng, phân, mật, đàm mủ, máu, mồ hôi, mỡ, nước mắt, mỡ da, nước miếng, niêm dịch, nước ở khớp xương, nước tiểu". Này các Tỷ-kheo, cũng như một bao đồ, hai đầu trống đựng đầy các loại hột như gạo, lúa, đậu xanh, đậu lớn, mè, gạo đã xay rồi. Một người có mắt, đổ các hột ấy ra và quán sát: "Ðây là hột gạo, đây là hột lúa, đây là đậu xanh, đây là đậu lớn, đây là mè, đây là hột lúa đã xay rồi". Cũng vậy, này các Tỷ-kheo, một Tỷ-kheo quán sát thân này dưới từ bàn chân trở lên trên cho đến đảnh tóc, bao bọc bởi da và chứa đầy những vật bất tịnh sai biệt. Trong thân này: "Ðây là tóc, lông, móng, răng, da, thịt, gân, xương, tủy, thận, tim, gan, hoành cách mô, lá lách, phổi, ruột, màng ruột, bụng, phân, mật, đàm, mủ, máu, mồ hôi, mỡ, nước mắt, mỡ da, nước miếng, niêm dịch, nước ở khớp xương, nước tiểu".

Như vậy, vị ấy sống quán thân trên nội thân; hay sống quán thân trên ngoại thân, hay sống quán thân trên nội thân, ngoại thân. Hay vị ấy sống quán tánh sanh khởi trên thân; hay sống quán tánh diệt tận trên thân; hay sống quán tánh sanh diệt trên thân. "Có thân đây", vị ấy an trú chánh niệm như vậy, với hy vọng hướng đến chánh trí, chánh niệm. Và vị ấy sống không nương tựa, không chấp trước một vật gì trên đời. Này các Tỷ-kheo, như vậy là Tỷ-kheo sống quán thân trên thân.

Lại nữa, này các Tỷ-kheo, Tỷ-kheo quán sát thân này về các vị trí các giới và sự sắp đặt các giới: "Trong thân này có địa đại, thủy đại, hỏa đại và phong đại". Này các Tỷ-kheo, như một người đồ tể thiện xảo, hay đệ tử của một người đổ tể giết một con bò, ngồi cắt chia từng thân phần tại ngã tư đường. Cũng vậy, này các Tỷ-kheo, Tỷ-kheo quán sát thân này về vị trí các giới và về sự sắp đặt các giới: "Trong thân này có địa đại, thủy đại, hỏa đại và phong đại".

Như vậy, vị ấy sống quán thân trên nội thân; hay sống quán thân trên ngoại thân; hay sống quán thân trên nội thân, ngoại thân. Hay vị ấy sống quán tánh sanh khởi trên thân; hay sống quán tánh diệt tận trên thân; hay sống quán tánh sanh diệt trên thân. "Có thân đây", vị ấy an trú chánh niệm như vậy, với hy vọng hướng đến chánh trí, chánh niệm. Và vị ấy sống không nương tựa, không chấp trước một vật gì trên đời. Này các Tỷ-kheo, như vậy là Tỷ-kheo sống quán thân trên thân.

Lại nữa, này các Tỷ-kheo, Tỷ-kheo như thấy một thi thể bị quăng bỏ trong nghĩa địa một ngày, hai ngày, ba ngày, thi thể ấy trương phồng lên, xanh đen lại, nát thối ra. Tỷ-kheo quán thân ấy như sau: "Thân này tánh chất là như vậy, bản tánh là như vậy, không vượt khỏi tánh chất ấy".

Như vậy vị ấy sống quán thân trên nội thân; hay sống quán thân trên ngoại thân; hay sống quán thân trên nội thân, ngoại thân. Hay vị ấy sống quán tánh sanh khởi trên thân; hay sống quán tánh diệt tận trên thân; hay sống quán tánh sanh diệt trên thân. "Có thân đây", vị ấy an trú chánh niệm như vậy, với hy vọng hướng đến chánh trí, chánh niệm. Và vị ấy sống không nương tựa, không chấp trước một vật gì trên đời. Này các Tỷ-kheo, như vậy là Tỷ-kheo sống quán thân trên thân.

Lại nữa, này các Tỷ-kheo, Tỷ-kheo như thấy một thi thể bị quăng bỏ trong nghĩa địa, bị các loài quạ ăn, hay bị các loài diều hâu ăn, hay bị các chim kên ăn, hay bị các loài chó ăn, hay bị các loài giả can ăn, hay bị các loài côn trùng ăn. Tỷ-kheo quán thân ấy như sau: "Thân này tánh chất là như vậy, bản chất là như vậy, không vượt khỏi tánh chất ấy".

Này các Tỷ-kheo, lại nữa, Tỷ-kheo như thấy một thi thể bị quăng bỏ trong nghĩa địa, với các bộ xương còn liên kết với nhau, còn dính thịt và máu, còn được các đường gân cột lại... với các bộ xương còn liên kết với nhau, không còn dính thịt nhưng còn dính máu, còn được các đường gân cột lại... với các bộ xương không còn dính thịt, dính máu, còn được các đường gân cột lại, chỉ còn có xương không dính lại với nhau, rải rác chỗ này chỗ kia. Ở đây là xương tay, ở đây là xương chân, ở đây là xương ống, ở đây là xương bắp vế, ở đây là xương mông, ở đây là xương sống, ở đây là xương đầu. Tỷ-kheo quán thân ấy như sau: "Thân này tánh chất là như vậy, bản tánh là như vậy, không vượt khỏi tánh chất ấy".

Như vậy, vị ấy sống quán thân trên nội thân; hay sống quán thân trên ngoại thân; hay sống quán thân trên nội thân, ngoại thân. Hay vị ấy sống quán tánh sanh khởi trên thân; hay vị ấy sống quán tánh diệt tận trên thân; hay vị ấy sống quán tánh sanh diệt trên thân. "Có thân đây", vị ấy sống an trú chánh niệm như vậy, với hy vọng hướng đến chánh trí, chánh niệm. Và vị ấy sống không nương tựa, không chấp trước một vật gì ở trên đời. Này các Tỷ-kheo, như vậy là Tỷ-kheo sống quán thân trên thân.

Lại nữa này các Tỷ-kheo, Tỷ-kheo như thấy một thi thể bị quăng bỏ trong nghĩa địa, chỉ còn toàn xương trắng màu vỏ ốc... chỉ còn một đống xương lâu hơn ba năm... chỉ còn là xương thối trở thành bột. Tỷ- kheo quán thân ấy như sau: "Thân này tánh chất là như vậy, bản tánh là như vậy, không vượt khỏi tánh chất ấy".

Như vậy vị ấy sống quán thân trên nội thân; hay sống quán thân trên ngoại thân; hay sống quán thân trên nội thân, ngoại thân. Hay vị ấy sống quán tánh sanh khởi trên thân; hay sống quán tánh diệt tận trên thân; hay sống quán tánh sanh diệt trên thân. "Có thân đây", vị ấy sống an trú chánh niệm như vậy, với hy vọng hướng đến chánh trí, chánh niệm. Và vị ấy sống không nương tựa, không chấp trước một vật gì trên đời. Này các Tỷ-kheo, như vậy là Tỷ-kheo sống quán thân trên thân.

(Quán thọ)

Này các Tỷ-kheo, như thế nào là Tỷ-kheo sống quán thọ trên các thọ? Này các Tỷ-kheo, ở đây Tỷ-kheo khi cảm giác lạc thọ, tuệ tri: "Tôi cảm giác lạc thọ"; khi cảm giác khổ thọ, tuệ tri: "Tôi cảm giác khổ thọ"; khi cảm giác bất khổ bất lạc thọ, tuệ tri: "Tôi cảm giác bất khổ bất lạc thọ". Hay khi cảm giác lạc thọ thuộc vật chất, tuệ tri: "Tôi cảm giác lạc thọ thuộc vật chất"; hay khi cảm giác lạc thọ không thuộc vật chất, tuệ tri: "Tôi cảm giác lạc thọ không thuộc vật chất". Hay khi cảm giác khổ thọ thuộc vật chất, tuệ tri: "Tôi cảm giác khổ thọ thuộc vật chất"; hay khi cảm giác khổ thọ không thuộc vật chất, tuệ tri: "Tôi cảm giác khổ thọ không thuộc vật chất". Hay khi cảm giác bất khổ bất lạc thọ thuộc vật chất, tuệ tri: "Tôi cảm giác bất khổ bất lạc thọ thuộc vật chất"; hay khi cảm giác bất khổ bất lạc thọ không thuộc vật chất, tuệ tri: "Tôi cảm giác bất khổ bất lạc thọ không thuộc vật chất".

Như vậy, vị ấy sống quán thọ trên các nội thọ; hay sống quán thọ trên các ngoại thọ; hay sống quán thọ trên các nội thọ, ngoại thọ. Hay vị ấy sống quán tánh sanh khởi trên các thọ, hay sống quán tánh diệt tận trên các thọ; hay sống quán tánh sanh diệt trên các thọ. "Có thọ đây", vị ấy sống an trú chánh niệm như vậy, với hy vọng hướng đến chánh trí, chánh niệm. Và vị ấy sống không nương tựa, không chấp trước một vật gì trên đời. Này các Tỷ-kheo, như vậy Tỷ-kheo sống quán thọ trên các thọ.

(Quán tâm)

Này các Tỷ-kheo, như thế nào là Tỷ-kheo sống quán tâm trên tâm? Này các Tỷ-kheo, ở đây, Tỷ-kheo, với tâm có tham, tuệ tri: "Tâm có tham"; hay với tâm không tham, tuệ tri: "Tâm không tham". Hay với tâm có sân, tuệ tri: "Tâm có sân"; hay với tâm không sân, tuệ tri: "Tâm không sân". Hay với tâm có si, tuệ tri: "Tâm có si"; hay với tâm không si, tuệ tri: "Tâm không si". Hay với tâm thâu nhiếp, tuệ tri: "Tâm được thâu nhiếp". Hay với tâm tán loạn, tuệ tri: "Tâm bị tán loạn". Hay với tâm quảng đại, tuệ tri: "Tâm được quảng đại"; hay với tâm không quảng đại, tuệ tri: "Tâm không được quảng đại". Hay với tâm hữu hạn, tuệ tri: "Tâm hữu hạn". Hay với tâm vô thượng, tuệ tri: "Tâm vô thượng". Hay với tâm có định, tuệ tri: "Tâm có định"; hay với tâm không định, tuệ tri: "Tâm không định". Hay với tâm giải thoát, tuệ tri: "Tâm có giải thoát"; hay với tâm không giải thoát, tuệ tri: "Tâm không giải thoát".

Như vậy vị ấy sống quán tâm trên nội tâm; hay sống quán tâm trên ngoại tâm; hay sống quán tâm trên nội tâm, ngoại tâm. Hay sống quán tánh sanh khởi trên tâm; hay sống quán tánh diệt tận trên tâm; hay sống quán tánh sanh diệt trên tâm. "Có tâm đây", vị ấy sống an trú chánh niệm như vậy, với hy vọng hướng đến chánh trí, chánh niệm. Và vị ấy sống không nương tựa, không chấp trước một vật gì trên đời. Này các Tỷ-kheo, như vậy là Tỷ-kheo sống quán tâm trên tâm.

(Quán pháp)

Này các Tỷ-kheo, thế nào là Tỷ-kheo sống quán pháp trên các pháp? Này các Tỷ-kheo, ở đây, Tỷ-kheo sống quán pháp trên các pháp đối với năm triền cái. Và này các Tỷ-kheo, thế nào là Tỷ-kheo sống quán pháp trên các pháp đối với năm triền cái? Này các Tỷ-kheo, ở đây, Tỷ-kheo nội tâm có ái dục, tuệ tri: "Nội tâm tôi có ái dục"; hay nội tâm không có ái dục, tuệ tri: "Nội tâm tôi không có ái dục". Và với ái dục chưa sanh nay sanh khởi, vị ấy tuệ tri như vậy; và với ái dục đã sanh nay được đoạn diệt, vị ấy tuệ tri như vậy; và với ái dục đã được đoạn diệt, tương lai không sanh khởi nữa, vị ấy tuệ tri như vậy.

Hay nội tâm có sân hận, tuệ tri: "Nội tâm tôi có sân hận"; hay nội tâm không có sân hận, tuệ tri: "Nội tâm tôi không có sân hận". Và với sân hận chưa sanh nay sanh khởi, vị ấy tuệ tri như vậy; và với sân hận đã sanh, nay được đoạn diệt, vị ấy tuệ tri như vậy; và với sân hận đã được đoạn diệt, tương lai không sanh khởi nữa, vị ấy tuệ tri như vậy. Hay nội tâm có hôn trầm thụy miên, tuệ tri: "Nội tâm tôi có hôn trầm thụy miên"; hay nội tâm không có hôn trầm thụy miên, tuệ tri: "Nội tâm tôi không có hôn trầm thụy miên". Và với hôn trầm thụy miên chưa sanh nay sanh khởi, vị ấy tuệ tri như vậy; và với hôn trầm thụy miên đã sanh nay được đoạn diệt, vị ấy tuệ tri như vậy; và với hôn trầm thụy miên đã được đoạn diệt, tương lai không sanh khởi nữa, vị ấy tuệ tri như vậy. Hay nội tâm có trạo hối, tuệ tri: "Nội tâm tôi có trạo hối"; hay nội tâm không có trạo hối, tuệ tri: "Nội tâm tôi không có trạo hối". Và với trạo hối chưa sanh nay sanh khởi, vị ấy tuệ tri như vậy; và với trạo hối đã sanh nay được đoạn diệt, vị ấy tuệ tri như vậy; và với trạo hối đã được đoạn diệt, tương lai không sanh khởi nữa, vị ấy tuệ tri như vậy. Hay nội tâm có nghi, tuệ tri: "Nội tâm tôi có nghi"; hay nội tâm không có nghi, tuệ tri: "Nội tâm tôi không có nghi". Và với nghi chưa sanh nay sanh khởi, vị ấy tuệ tri như vậy; và với nghi đã sanh nay được đoạn diệt, vị ấy tuệ tri như vậy; và với nghi đã được đoạn diệt, tương lai không sanh khởi nữa, vị ấy tuệ tri như vậy.

Như vậy vị ấy sống quán pháp trên các nội pháp; hay sống quán pháp trên các ngoại pháp; hay sống quán pháp trên các nội pháp, ngoại pháp. Hay vị ấy sống quán tánh sanh khởi trên các pháp; hay sống quán tánh diệt tận trên các pháp; hay sống quán tánh sanh diệt trên các pháp. "Có những pháp ở đây", vị ấy sống an trú chánh niệm như vậy, với hy vọng hướng đến chánh trí, chánh niệm. Và vị ấy sống không nương tựa, không chấp trước một vật gì trên đời. Này các Tỷ-kheo, như vậy là Tỷ-kheo sống quán pháp trên các pháp đối với năm triền cái.

Lại nữa, này các Tỷ-kheo, Tỷ-kheo sống quán pháp trên các pháp đối với năm thủ uẩn. Này các Tỷ- kheo, thế nào là Tỷ-kheo sống quán pháp trên các pháp đối với năm thủ uẩn? Này các Tỷ-kheo, Tỷ-kheo suy tư: "Ðây là sắc, đây là sắc tập, đây là sắc diệt. Ðây là thọ, đây là thọ tập, đây là thọ diệt. Ðây là tưởng, đây là tưởng tập; đây là tưởng diệt. Ðây là hành, đây là hành tập, đây là hành diệt. Ðây là thức, đây là thức tập, đây là thức diệt". Như vậy, vị ấy sống quán pháp trên các nội pháp; hay sống quán pháp trên các ngoại pháp; hay sống quán pháp trên các nội pháp, ngoại pháp. Hay vị ấy sống quán tánh sanh khởi trên các pháp; hay sống quán tánh diệt tận trên các pháp; hay sống quán tánh sanh diệt trên các pháp. "Có những pháp ở đây", vị ấy sống an trú chánh niệm như vậy, với hy vọng hướng đến chánh trí, chánh niệm. Và vị ấy sống không nương tựa, không chấp trước một vật gì trên đời. Này các Tỷ-kheo, như vậy là Tỷ-kheo sống quán pháp trên các pháp đối với năm thủ uẩn.

Lại nữa, này các Tỷ-kheo, Tỷ-kheo sống quán pháp trên các pháp đối với sáu nội ngoại xứ. Này các Tỷ- kheo, thế nào là Tỷ-kheo sống quán pháp trên các pháp đối với sáu nội ngoại xứ? Này các Tỷ-kheo, ở đây Tỷ-kheo tuệ tri con mắt và tuệ tri các sắc, do duyên hai pháp này, kiết sử sanh khởi, vị ấy tuệ tri như vậy; và với kiết sử chưa sanh nay sanh khởi, vị ấy tuệ tri như vậy; và với kiết sử đã sanh nay được đoạn diệt, vị ấy tuệ tri như vậy; và với kiết sử đã được đoạn diệt, tương lai không sanh khởi nữa, vị ấy tuệ tri như vậy.

Tỷ-kheo tuệ tri tai và tuệ tri các tiếng... tuệ tri mũi và tuệ tri các hương... tuệ tri lưỡi... và tuệ tri các vị... tuệ tri thân và tuệ tri các xúc, tuệ tri ý và tuệ tri các pháp; do duyên hai pháp này, kiết sử sanh khởi, vị ấy tuệ tri như vậy; và với kiết sử chưa sanh nay sanh khởi, vị ấy tuệ tri như vậy; và với kiết sử đã sanh nay được đoạn diệt, vị ấy tuệ tri như vậy; và với kiết sử đã được đoạn diệt, tương lai không sanh khởi nữa, vị ấy tuệ tri như vậy.

Lại nữa, này các Tỷ-kheo, Tỷ-kheo sống quán pháp trên các pháp đối với Bảy Giác chi. Này các Tỷ- kheo, thế nào là Tỷ-kheo sống quán pháp trên các pháp đối với Bảy Giác chi? Này các Tỷ-kheo, ở đây Tỷ-kheo nội tâm có niệm giác chi, tuệ tri: "Nội tâm tôi có niệm giác chi"; hay nội tâm không có niệm giác chi, tuệ tri: "Nội tâm tôi không có ý niệm giác chi". Và với niệm giác chi chưa sanh nay sanh khởi, vị ấy tuệ tri như vậy, và với niệm giác chi đã sanh, nay được tu tập viên thành, vị ấy tuệ tri như vậy.

Hay Tỷ-kheo nội tâm có trạch pháp giác chi... (như trên)... hay nội tâm có tinh tấn giác chi... (như trên)... hay nội tâm có hỷ giác chi... (như trên)... hay nội tâm có khinh an giác chi... (như trên)... hay nội tâm có định giác chi... (như trên)... hay nội tâm có xả giác chi, tuệ tri: "Nội tâm tôi có xả giác chi"; hay nội tâm không có xả giác chi, tuệ tri: "Nội tâm tôi không có xả giác chi". Và với xả giác chi chưa sanh nay sanh khởi, vị ấy tuệ tri như vậy, và với xả giác chi đã sanh nay được tu tập viên thành, vị ấy tuệ tri như vậy.

Lại nữa, này các Tỷ-kheo, vị ấy sống quán pháp trên các pháp đối với Bốn Thánh đế. Này các Tỷ-kheo, thế nào là Tỷ-kheo sống quán pháp trên các pháp đối với Bốn Thánh đế? Này các Tỷ-kheo, ở đây, Tỷ- kheo như thật tuệ tri: "Ðây là Khổ"; như thật tuệ tri: "Ðây là Khổ tập"; như thật tuệ tri: "Ðây là Khổ diệt"; như thật tuệ tri: "Ðây là Con đường đưa đến Khổ diệt".

Như vậy, vị ấy sống quán pháp trên các nội pháp; hay sống quán pháp trên các ngoại pháp; hay sống quán pháp trên các nội pháp, ngoại pháp. Hay vị ấy sống quán tánh sanh khởi trên các pháp; hay sống quán tánh diệt tận trên các pháp; hay sống quán tánh sanh diệt trên các pháp. "Có những pháp ở đây", vị ấy sống an trú chánh niệm như vậy, với hy vọng hướng đến chánh trí, chánh niệm. Và vị ấy sống không nương tựa, không chấp trước một vật gì trên đời. Này các Tỷ-kheo, như vậy là Tỷ-kheo sống quán pháp trên các pháp đối với Bốn Thánh đế.

(Kết luận)

Này các Tỷ-kheo, vị nào tu tập Bốn Niệm xứ này như vậy trong bảy năm, vị ấy có thể chứng một trong hai quả sau đây: Một là chứng Chánh trí ngay trong hiện tại, hay nếu còn hữu dư y, thì chứng quả Bất hoàn.

Này các Tỷ-kheo, không cần gì đến bảy năm, một vị nào tu tập Bốn Niệm xứ này như vậy trong sáu năm, trong năm năm, trong bốn năm, trong ba năm, trong hai năm, trong một năm, vị ấy có thể chứng một trong hai quả sau đây: Một là chứng Chánh trí ngay trong hiện tại, hay nếu còn hữu dư y, thì chứng quả Bất hoàn.

Này các Tỷ-kheo, không cần gì đến một năm, một vị nào tu tập Bốn Niệm xứ này trong bảy tháng, vị ấy có thể chứng một trong hai quả sau đây: Một là chứng Chánh trí ngay trong hiện tại, hay nếu còn hữu dư y, thì chứng quả Bất hoàn. Này các Tỷ-kheo, không cần gì bảy tháng, một vị nào tu tập Bốn Niệm xứ này trong sáu tháng, trong năm tháng, trong bốn tháng, trong ba tháng, trong hai tháng, trong một tháng, trong nửa tháng, vị ấy có thể chứng một trong hai quả sau đây: Một là chứng Chánh trí ngay trong hiện tại, hay nếu còn hữu dư y, thì chứng quả Bất hoàn.

Này các Tỷ-kheo, không cần gì nửa tháng, một vị nào tu tập Bốn Niệm xứ này trong bảy ngày, vị ấy có thể chứng một trong hai quả sau đây: Một là chứng Chánh trí ngay trong hiện tại, hai là nếu còn hữu dư y, thì chứng quả Bất hoàn. Này các Tỷ-kheo, đây là con đường độc nhất đưa đến thanh tịnh cho chúng sanh, vượt khỏi sầu não, diệt trừ khổ ưu, thành tựu Chánh trí, chứng ngộ Niết-bàn. Ðó là Bốn Niệm xứ.

Thế Tôn thuyết giảng như vậy. Các Tỷ-kheo ấy hoan hỷ, tín thọ lời dạy của Thế Tôn

Dịch giả: Hoà Thượng Thích Minh Châu

Phân đoạn & chú thích: Tỳ Kheo Giác Đẳng

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Kinh số 10 [tóm tắt]

Kinh Niệm Xứ

(Satipaṭṭhāna Sutta)

(M.i, 55)

Đức Phật dạy đây là con đường độc nhất đưa đến thanh tịnh cho chúng sanh, vượt khỏi sầu não, diệt trừ khổ ưu, thành tựu chánh tri, chứng ngộ Niết-bàn, chính là Bốn niệm xứ.

1/ Sống quán thân trên thân, nhiệt tâm, tỉnh giác, chánh niệm, nhiếp phục tham ưu ở đời.

a) Vị Tỷ-kheo đi đến gốc cây, đi đến ngôi rừng hay tại ngôi nhà trống, ngồi kiết già, lưng thẳng, để niệm trước mặt. Chánh niệm, vị ấy thở vô, chánh niệm vị ấy thở ra. Thở vô dài, vị ấy quán tri “tôi thở vô dài”, cũng vậy thở ra dài, thở vô ngắn, thở ra ngắn, cảm giác toàn thân, an tịnh thân hành, vị ấy đều biết rõ như vậy.

b) Vị Tỷ-kheo, khi đi, quán tri “tôi đi”; khi đứng quán tri “tôi đứng”; khi ngồi quán tri “tôi ngồi”; khi nằm quán tri “tôi nằm”. Phàm thân có hướng cử động như thế nào thời quán tri như vậy.

c) Vị Tỷ-kheo, khi bước tới bước lui, tỉnh giác việc đang làm khi nhìn tới nhìn xung quanh...; khi co tay khi duỗi tay...; khi mang áo Sanghāti, bát, y...; khi ăn, khi uống, khi nhai, khi nếm...; khi đi đại tiện, tiểu tiện...; khi đi, đứng, ngồi, nghỉ, thức, nói, im lặng, tỉnh giác việc mình đang làm.

Như vậy vị ấy sống, quán thân trên nội thân, hay sống quán thân trên ngoại thân, hay sống quán thân trên cả nội thân ngoại thân, hay sống quán tánh sanh, tánh diệt, tánh sanh diệt trên thân: “Có thân đây”. Vị ấy an trú chánh niệm như vậy với hy vọng hướng đến chánh trí, chánh niệm và vị ấy sống không nương tựa, không chấp trước vật gì ở trên đời.

d) Vị Tỷ-kheo quán sát thân này, dưới từ bàn chân trở lên, trên cho đến đỉnh đầu, bao bọc bởi da và chứa đầy những vật bất tịnh sai biệt. Trong thân này, đây là tóc, lông, móng, răng, da (5), thịt, gân, xương, tủy, thận (10), tim, gân, hoành cách mô, lá lách, phổi (15), ruột, màng ruột, bụng, phân, mật (20), đàm (niêm dịch), mủ, máu, mồ hôi, mỡ (25), nước mắt, mỡ da, nước miếng, nước mủ, nước ở khớp xương, nước tiểu (31). Như vậy vị ấy sống... ở trên đời.

e) Vị Tỷ-kheo quán sát thân này về vị trí các giới và sự sắp đặt các giới. Trong thân này có địa giới, thủy giới, hỏa giới, phong giới... Như vậy vị ấy sống... trên đời.

f) Vị Tỷ-kheo thấy một thi thể quăng bỏ trong nghĩa địa một ngày, hai ngày, ba ngày, trương phồng lên, xanh ứ lại, thối nát ra, vị Tỷ-kheo quán thân ấy tánh chất là như vậy, bản chất là như vậy, không thoát khỏi tánh chất ấy.

g) Vị Tỷ-kheo thấy thi thể quăng bỏ trong nghĩa địa bị các loài quạ, diều hâu, các loài chó, loài giả can, các loài côn trùng ăn (Quán như trên).

h) Vị Tỷ-kheo thấy thi thể bị quăng bỏ trong nghĩa địa với bộ xương còn liên kết với nhau, còn dính thịt và máu, còn được các đường gân cột lại..., bộ xương còn liên kết với nhau, không dính thịt còn dính máu, còn được các đường gân cột lại..., các bộ xương còn liên kết với nhau, không có thịt và máu, còn được đường gân cột lại... chỉ còn có xương không dính lại với nhau, rải rác chỗ này chỗ kia...

i) Vị Tỷ-kheo thấy thi thể bị quăng bỏ trong nghĩa địa, chỉ còn toàn xương trắng màu vỏ ốc... chỉ còn một đống xương lâu hơn ba năm..., chỉ còn lại xương thối thành bột. Tỷ-kheo quán thân trên thân.

2/ Sống quán thọ trên thọ: Cảm giác các thọ như sau: lạc thọ, khổ thọ, bất khổ bất lạc thọ, lạc thọ thuộc vật chất, lạc thọ không thuộc vật chất, khổ thọ thuộc vật chất, khổ thọ không thuộc vật chất, bất khổ bất lạc thọ thuộc vật chất, bất khổ bất lạc thọ không thuộc vật chất. Như vậy vị ấy sống quán thọ trên các nội thọ, trên các ngoại thọ, trên các nội ngoại thọ: “Có thọ đây”. Vị ấy an trú chánh niệm như vậy, với hy vọng hướng đến chánh trí, chánh niệm. Vị ấy sống không nương tựa, không chấp trước một vật gì ở trên đời.

3/ Sống quán tâm trên tâm: Tâm có tham biết tâm có tham, tâm không tham..., tâm có sân..., tâm không sân..., tâm có si..., tâm không si..., tâm thâu nhiếp..., tâm tán loạn..., tâm đại hành..., tâm không đại hành..., tâm không vô thượng..., tâm vô thượng..., tâm không có định..., tâm có định..., tâm không giải thoát..., tâm giải thoát. Vị ấy sống quán tâm trên nội tâm, trên ngoại tâm, trên nội ngoại tâm, tánh sanh khởi, tánh diệt, tánh sanh diệt trên tâm: “Có tâm đây”. Vị ấy sống an trú chánh niệm như vậy, với hy vọng hướng đến chánh trí, chánh niệm. Vị ấy sống không nương tựa, không chấp trước một vật gì ở đời.

4/ Sống quán pháp trên các pháp:

a) Đối với năm triền cái: Tham dục, sân, hôn trầm thụy miên, trạo hối, nghi. Nếu nội tâm có triền nào, biết nội tâm có triền cái ấy, nội tâm không có, biết nội tâm không có, triền cái chưa sanh, nay sanh khởi, triền cái sanh rồi, nay được đoạn diệt, triền cái đã đoạn diệt, tương lai không sanh khởi nữa, vị ấy biết như vậy.

b) Đối với năm thủ uẩn: Tỷ-kheo suy tư năm thủ uẩn, năm thủ uẩn tập khởi, năm thủ uẩn đoạn diệt, con đường đưa đến năm thủ uẩn đoạn diệt.

c) Đối với sáu nội ngoại xứ: Tỷ-kheo quán tri, khi con mắt thấy sắc, do duyên hai pháp này các kiết sử sanh khởi. Với kiết sử chưa sanh, nay sanh khởi, vị ấy quán tri như vậy. Với kiết sử đã sanh, nay được đoạn diệt, vị ấy quán tri như vậy. Với kiết sử đã được đoạn diệt, tương lai không sanh khởi nữa, vị ấy quán tri như vậy. Cũng vậy đối với tai và tiếng, mũi và hương, lưỡi và vị, thân và xúc, ý và pháp.

d) Đối với bảy giác chi: Vị Tỷ-kheo nội tâm có niệm giác chi, quán tri nội tâm có niệm giác chi, nội tâm không có niệm giác chi, quán tri nội tâm không có niệm giác chi. Với niệm giác chi chưa sanh nay sanh khởi, vị ấy quán tri như vậy. Với niệm giác chi đã sanh, nay được tu tập viên thành vị ấy quán tri như vậy. Cũng vậy đối với trạch pháp giác chi, tinh tấn giác chi, hỷ giác chi, khinh an giác chi, định giác chi, xả giác chi.

e) Đối với bốn sự thật: Vị Tỷ-kheo như thật quán tri, đây là khổ, đây là khổ tập, đây là khổ diệt, đây là con đường đưa đến khổ diệt.

Như vậy vị ấy sống quán pháp trên các nội pháp, quán pháp trên các ngoại pháp, quán pháp trên các nội ngoại pháp, quán tánh sanh khởi, đoạn diệt, sanh diệt trên các pháp. Có những pháp ở đây, vị ấy an trú chánh niệm như vậy, với hy vọng hướng đến chánh trí, chánh niệm. Và vị ấy sống không nương tựa, không chấp trước một vật gì ở trên đời.

Đức Phật kết luận vị nào tu tập bốn niệm xứ trong bảy năm hay sáu năm, hay năm năm, hay bốn năm, hay ba năm, hay hai năm, hay một năm, hay bảy tháng, hay sáu tháng, hay năm tháng, hay bốn tháng, hay ba tháng, hay hai tháng, hay một tháng, hay nửa tháng, hay bảy ngày, vị ấy có thể chứng một trong hai quả sau đây: chứng Chánh trí ngay trong hiện tại, hay nếu còn dư y chứng quả Bất hoàn.

Biên soạn: Hoà Thượng Thích Minh Châu

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Kinh số 10 [dàn ý]

Kinh Niệm Xứ

(Satipaṭṭhāna Sutta)

(M.i, 55)

A. Duyên khởi:

Thế Tôn gọi các Tỷ-kheo và thuyết giảng kinh này.

B. Chánh kinh:

I. Thế Tôn giải thích thế nào là 4 niệm xứ.

II. Thế nào là quán thân trên thân.

1. Niệm hơi thở vô, hơi thở ra.

2. Quán các oai nghi.

3. Quán các hành tướng của thân.

4. Quán các thân phần của thân.

5. Quán vị trí các giới trên thân.

6. Quán thi thể trong nghĩa địa.

a. Thi thể quăng vào nghĩa địa trong 3 ngày.

b. Quán thân bị côn trùng muông thú ăn.

c. Quán bộ xương còn liên kết hay sau khi bị rã rời.

d. Quán toàn xương trắng trở thành bột.

III. Quán thọ trên các cảm thọ: 9 loại cảm thọ.

IV. Quán tâm trên các tâm: có 16 loại tâm.

V. Quán pháp trên các pháp.

1. Đối với 5 triền cái.

2. Đối với 5 thủ uẩn.

3. Đối với 6 nội ngoại xứ.

4. Đối với 7 giác chi.

5. Đối với 4 sự thật.

VI. Khả năng chứng quả của pháp môn này: 1 trong 2 quả: A-la-hán hay Bất lai trong thời gian từ 7 năm đến 7 ngày.

C. Kết luận:

Các Tỷ-kheo tín thọ lời Thế Tôn dạy.

Biên soạn: Hoà Thượng Thích Minh Châu

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Kinh số 10 [toát yếu]

Kinh Niệm Xứ

(Satipaṭṭhāna Sutta)

(M.i, 55)

I. Toát yếu

Satipatthāna Sutta - The foundations of mindfullness.

This is one of the fullest and most important suttas by the Buddha dealing with meditation, with particular emphasis on the development of insight. The Buddha begins by declaring the four foundations of mindfullness to be the direct path for the realisation of Nibbāna, then gives detailed instructions on the four foundations: the contemplation of the body, feelings, mind and mind objects.

Nền tảng của chánh niệm.

Đây là một trong những kinh quan trọng và đầy đủ nhất mà

Phật dạy về thiền, đặc biệt nhấn mạnh sự phát triển tuệ quán. Khởi đầu, Phật tuyên bố bốn niệm xứ là con đường thẳng tắt để thực chứng Niết-bàn. Sau đó Ngài chỉ dạy chi tiết về bốn niệm xứ là quán thân, cảm thọ, tâm và các pháp đối tượng của tâm.

II. Tóm tắt

Phật dạy bốn niệm xứ là con đường độc nhất đưa chúng sinh đến thanh tịnh, vượt khỏi sầu não, diệt trừ khổ ưu, thành tựu chính trí, chứng ngộ Niết-bàn.

Bốn niệm xứ là: quán thân trên thân, quán cảm thọ trên các thọ, quán tâm trên tâm, và quán pháp trên các pháp.

1. Quán thân: bao gồm 14 bài tập là: niệm hơi thở; quán bốn uy nghi hay thân hành; chánh niệm tỉnh giác trong mọi hoàn cảnh; quán bất tịnh; quán bốn đại; và chín pháp quán tử thi ở nghĩa địa qua các giai đoạn tan rã.

2. Quán thọ: kể như một bài tập. Thọ là các cảm giác dễ chịu, khó chịu, trung tính về thân, tâm.

3. Quán tâm: một bài tập: Tuệ tri tâm có hay không tham, sân, si, tán loạn, quảng đại; thâu nhiếp hay tán loạn; hữu hạn hay vô thượng; có định không định, có giải thoát không giải thoát.

4. Quán pháp: gồm năm phân đoạn: 1- Năm triền cái; 2- Năm uẩn; 3- Sáu nội xứ; 4- Bảy giác chi; 5- Bốn thánh đế.

Vậy kinh này giảng tất cả 21 bài tập thiền quán. Mỗi bài tập lại gồm hai phần, phần luyện tập căn bản được giải thoát trước, và phần bổ túc dạy làm thế nào hướng sự tu tập ấy đến việc đào sâu tuệ giác. Phần này không thay đổi trong cả 21 bài tập, đó là đoạn "... Vị ấy sống quán tính sinh khởi trên thân, quán tính diệt tận trên thân, ... an trú chánh niệm, hy vọng hướng đến chính trí ..., sống không nương tựa, không chấp trước một vật gì ở trên đời."

Cuối cùng, Phật nêu lên kết quả việc quán Bốn niệm xứ để khuyến khích tu hành: đó là chứng quả A-la-hán hoặc Bất hoàn.

III. Chú giải

Sớ giải kinh Trung bộ nói ekāyana magga có nghĩa là "con đường độc đạo vì không có ngõ tẻ ", là "con đường mà mỗi người phải tự bướcđi không bầu bạn", là "con đường dẫn đến mục tiêu duy nhất, đó là Niết-bàn". Trong khi tu các thiền chứng và phạm trú có thể không đưa đến Niết-bàn vì những ngõ tẻ, thì bốn niệm xứ nhất định đưa đến Niết-bàn, mục đích tối hậu.

Sự lặp lại "quán thân trên thân" - kāye kāyānupassī - có mục đích xác định cho rõ ràng đối tượng quán là thân thể và chỉ thân thể mà thôi, không lẫn với những khái niệm khác như những cảm giác, ý nghĩ liên hệ đến thân ấy. Lại nữa, chỉ nên quán thân thể như là thân thể chứ không kèm theo các khái niệm như đàn ông, đàn bà, ngã, hay chúng sinh. Với thọ, tâm, pháp cũng thế. Ví dụ "tê" hoặc "ngứa" khi ngồi thiền là một cảm thọ, dễ kéo theo các cảm thọ khác như bực bội, v.v. hoặc kéo theo "hành" như suy nghĩ lung tung; nên cần phải dừng lại trên cảm thọ ấy mà thôi, gọi là "quán thọ trên thọ".

Đại hành(exalted mind), và vô thượng(unsurpassed mind), được giải thích là tâm ở trong các cõi thiền và định chứng vô sắc. Tâm không đại hành và "hữu thượng" là tâm ở cõi dục. Tâm "giải thoát" là tâm tạm lắng dịu phiền não nhờ tuệ quán hoặc nhờ chứng các thiền. Vì sự tu tập Niệm xứ là giai đoạn chuẩn bị để đạt đến các đạo lộ giải thoát thuộc siêu thế, nên không thể hiểu "tâm giải thoát" nói trong bài tập này đã là giải thoát thuộc siêu thế.

Trong phần quán bảy giác chi, quán "trạch pháp giác chi" dhammavicaya, nghĩa là dùng chánh niệm để thăm dò hiện tượng tâm vật lý đang diễn ra trong tâm hành giả.

IV. Pháp số

Một con đường duy nhất, ekāyana magga, là tứ niệm xứ quán.

Bốn đại

Bốn niệm xứ: thân, thọ, tâm, pháp.

Bốn sự thật

Bốn uy nghi: đi, đứng, nằm, ngồi.

Năm triền cái

Năm thủ uẩn

Sáu nội ngoại xứ

Bảy giác chi

Mười giai đoạn tử thi

Ba mươi mốt uế vật: Tóc, lông, móng, răng, da; Thịt, gân, xương, thận, tủy; Tim, gan, hoành cách mô, lá lách, phổi; Ruột, màng ruột, bao tử, phân, mật; Đàm, mủ, máu, mồ hôi, mỡ; Nước mắt, mỡ da, nước miếng, nước mũi, nước khớp xương; Nước tiểu.

V. Kệ tụng

Có con đường độc nhất
- Bốn cơ sở tưởng niệm

Khiến chúng sinh thanh tịnh

Diệt sầu não khổ ưu
Thành tựu được chính trí
Và chứng ngộ Niết-bàn.

Một, quán thân như thân

Hai, thọ như cảm thọ
Ba, quán tâm như tâm
Bốn, quán pháp như pháp.

A. Quán thân:

Quán thân mười bốn mục

Thực hành vào mọi lúc

Một, niệm hơi ra vào

Dài ngắn đều ý thức

Hai, quán bốn uy nghi

Lúc nằm ngồi đứng đi

Ba, rõ biết thân hành

Khi duỗi, co cúi, ngước.

Bốn, quán thân bất tịnh

Tóc lông móng răng da.

Năm, thân gồm bốn đại

Chẳng có gì là "ta".

Và đây chín giai đoạn

Khi thân đã ra ma.
Một là thây trương phình

Còn đâu vẻ đẹp xinh?

Hai, côn trùng đục khoét

Không còn ra dáng hình

Ba, bộ xương dính thịt

Với bốn đường liên kết

Bốn, còn máu và gân

Sâu kiến lại tranh phần

Năm là xương hết máu

Nhưng còn dính liền gân

Sáu, bộ xương rời rã

Rải rác khắp mộ phần

Bảy, xương màu vỏ ốc

Theo gió bụi thời gian

Tám, một đống xương tàn

Trên đường về cát bụi

Tung bay giữa không gian

Đây là giai đoạn cuối.

Quán sát thân thể này
Bản chất là như vậy
Sinh ra rồi già chết
Không thể nào khác hơn
Tỳ kheo sống chánh niệm

Gột rửa hết tham ưu
Không nương tựa chấp trước

Bất cứ gì trên đời.

B. Quán thọ:

Kế đến, quán cảm thọ
Là cảm giác thân, tâm

Gồm ba loại: Khổ, vui,

Và không vui không khổ.

Tuệ tri từng cảm thọ

Là nghe ngóng theo dõi

Sinh, trú diệt của nó

Chánh niệm, gột tham ưu.

C. Quán tâm:

Có tham, tuệ tri "tham"
Không tham, biết "không tham"

Với sân, si, cũng vậy;
Thâu nhiếp hay tán loạn;

Quảng đại, không quảng đại;

Hữu hạn hay vô thượng;
Có định hay không định;
Giải thoát, không giải thoát.

Tuệ tri các tâm ấy
Khi sinh khởi, diệt tận,

Tỳ kheo sống chánh niệm

Để gột rửa tham ưu.

D. Quán pháp:

Quán pháp gồm năm mục

Một, quán năm triền cái

Tham, sân và ngủ gục

Trạo cử và hoài nghi.

Hai, quán năm thủ uẩn

Sắc, thọ, tưởng, hành, thức

Sinh khởi và đoạn diệt

Mỗi thứ cần biết rõ.

Ba, quán sáu giác quan

Cùng với sáu đối tượng:

Tuệ tri kết sử sinh
Do trong ngoài tiếp xúc;

Tuệ tri kết sử diệt

Tương lai sẽ không sinh.

Bốn, quán bảy giác chi:

Trước hết "Niệm" tuệ tri

Chưa sinh, cần sinh khởi

Đã sinh, hãy viên thành.

Trạch pháp, hỷ, tinh tấn

Khinh an, định và xả

Sáu giác chi còn lại

Cùng quán sát như trên.

Năm, quán thánh đế

Tuệ tri "Đây là khổ"

"Đây là nguồn gốc khổ"

"Đây là sự diệt khổ"

"Đây là đường diệt khổ"

Tuệ tri các pháp ấy
Khi sinh khởi, diệt tận,

Tỳ kheo sống chánh niệm

Để gột rửa tham ưu.

Dịch giả: Hoà Thượng Thích Minh Châu

Tóm tắt & chú giải: Thích Nữ Trí Hải

-ooOoo-

10. Mahāsatipaṭṭhānasuttaṃ [Mūla]

105. Evaṃ me sutaṃ : ekaṃ samayaṃ Bhagavā kurūsu viharati kammāsadhammaṃ nāma kurūnaṃ nigamo. Tatra kho Bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi : ''bhikkhavoti. ''Bhadanteti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca :

Uddeso

106. ''Ekāyano ayaṃ, bhikkhave, maggo sattānaṃ visuddhiyā, sokaparidevānaṃ [pariddavānaṃ (sī. pī.)] samatikkamāya, dukkhadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamāya, ñāyassa adhigamāya, nibbānassa sacchikiriyāya, yadidaṃ cattāro satipaṭṭhānā.

''Katame cattāro? idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ citte cittānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ.

Uddeso niṭṭhito.

Kāyānupassanā ānāpānapabbaṃ

107. ''Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati? idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu araññagato vā rukkhamūlagato vā suññāgāragato vā nisīdati, pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā, ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya, parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā. So satova assasati, satova [sato (sī. syā.)] passasati. Dīghaṃ vā assasanto 'dīghaṃ assasāmīti pajānāti, dīghaṃ vā passasanto 'dīghaṃ passasāmīti pajānāti, rassaṃ vā assasanto 'rassaṃ assasāmīti pajānāti, rassaṃ vā passasanto 'rassaṃ passasāmīti pajānāti, 'sabbakāyapaṭisaṃvedī assasissāmīti sikkhati, 'sabbakāyapaṭisaṃvedī passasissāmīti sikkhati , 'passambhayaṃ kāyasaṅkhāraṃ assasissāmīti sikkhati, 'passambhayaṃ kāyasaṅkhāraṃ passasissāmīti sikkhati.

''Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, dakkho bhamakāro vā bhamakārantevāsī vā dīghaṃ vā añchanto 'dīghaṃ añchāmīti pajānāti, rassaṃ vā añchanto 'rassaṃ añchāmīti pajānāti evameva kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dīghaṃ vā assasanto 'dīghaṃ assasāmīti pajānāti, dīghaṃ vā passasanto 'dīghaṃ passasāmīti pajānāti, rassaṃ vā assasanto 'rassaṃ assasāmīti pajānāti, rassaṃ vā passasanto 'rassaṃ passasāmīti pajānāti 'sabbakāyapaṭisaṃvedī assasissāmīti sikkhati, 'sabbakāyapaṭisaṃvedī passasissāmīti sikkhati 'passambhayaṃ kāyasaṅkhāraṃ assasissāmīti sikkhati, 'passambhayaṃ kāyasaṅkhāraṃ passasissāmīti sikkhati. Iti ajjhattaṃ vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati samudayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati. 'Atthi kāyoti vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti. Yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evampi kho [evampi (sī. syā. pī.)], bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.

Ānāpānapabbaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.

Kāyānupassanā iriyāpathapabbaṃ

108. ''Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu gacchanto vā 'gacchāmīti pajānāti, ṭhito vā 'ṭhitomhīti pajānāti, nisinno vā 'nisinnomhīti pajānāti, sayāno vā 'sayānomhīti pajānāti. Yathā yathā vā panassa kāyo paṇihito hoti tathā tathā naṃ pajānāti. Iti ajjhattaṃ vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati samudayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati. 'Atthi kāyoti vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti. Yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.

Iriyāpathapabbaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.

Kāyānupassanā sampajānapabbaṃ

109. ''Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu abhikkante paṭikkante sampajānakārī hoti, ālokite vilokite sampajānakārī hoti, samiñjite pasārite sampajānakārī hoti, saṅghāṭipattacīvaradhāraṇe sampajānakārī hoti, asite pīte khāyite sāyite sampajānakārī hoti, uccārapassāvakamme sampajānakārī hoti, gate ṭhite nisinne sutte jāgarite bhāsite tuṇhībhāve sampajānakārī hoti. Iti ajjhattaṃ vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati - pe - evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.

Sampajānapabbaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.

Kāyānupassanā paṭikūlamanasikārapabbaṃ

110. ''Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu imameva kāyaṃ uddhaṃ pādatalā, adho kesamatthakā, tacapariyantaṃ pūraṃ nānappakārassa asucino paccavekkhati : 'atthi imasmiṃ kāye kesā lomā nakhā dantā taco maṃsaṃ nhāru [nahāru (sī. syā. pī.)] aṭṭhi aṭṭhimiñjaṃ vakkaṃ hadayaṃ yakanaṃ kilomakaṃ pihakaṃ papphāsaṃ antaṃ antaguṇaṃ udariyaṃ karīsaṃ pittaṃ semhaṃ pubbo lohitaṃ sedo medo assu vasā kheḷo siṅghāṇikā lasikā muttanti [muttaṃ matthaluṅganti (ka.)]. ''Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, ubhatomukhā putoḷi [mūtoḷī (sī. syā. pī.)] pūrā nānāvihitassa dhaññassa, seyyathidaṃ : sālīnaṃ vīhīnaṃ muggānaṃ māsānaṃ tilānaṃ taṇḍulānaṃ. Tamenaṃ cakkhumā puriso muñcitvā paccavekkheyya : 'ime sālī ime vīhī ime muggā ime māsā ime tilā ime taṇḍulāti. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu imameva kāyaṃ uddhaṃ pādatalā, adho kesamatthakā, tacapariyantaṃ pūraṃ nānappakārassa asucino paccavekkhati : 'atthi imasmiṃ kāye kesā lomā - pe - muttanti.

''Iti ajjhattaṃ vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati - pe - evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.

Paṭikūlamanasikārapabbaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.

Kāyānupassanā dhātumanasikārapabbaṃ

111. ''Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu imameva kāyaṃ yathāṭhitaṃ yathāpaṇihitaṃ dhātuso paccavekkhati : 'atthi imasmiṃ kāye pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātūti.

''Seyyathāpi , bhikkhave, dakkho goghātako vā goghātakantevāsī vā gāviṃ vadhitvā catumahāpathe [cātummahāpathe (sī. syā. pī.)] bilaso vibhajitvā nisinno assa. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu imameva kāyaṃ yathāṭhitaṃ yathāpaṇihitaṃ dhātuso paccavekkhati : 'atthi imasmiṃ kāye pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātūti. Iti ajjhattaṃ vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati - pe - evampi kho, bhikkhave , bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.

Dhātumanasikārapabbaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.

Kāyānupassanā navasivathikapabbaṃ

112. ''Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu seyyathāpi passeyya sarīraṃ sivathikāya chaḍḍitaṃ ekāhamataṃ vā dvīhamataṃ vā tīhamataṃ vā uddhumātakaṃ vinīlakaṃ vipubbakajātaṃ. So imameva kāyaṃ upasaṃharati : 'ayampi kho kāyo evaṃdhammo evaṃbhāvī evaṃanatītoti [etaṃ anatītoti (sī. pī.)]. Iti ajjhattaṃ vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati - pe - evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati. ''Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu seyyathāpi passeyya sarīraṃ sivathikāya chaḍḍitaṃ kākehi vā khajjamānaṃ kulalehi vā khajjamānaṃ gijjhehi vā khajjamānaṃ kaṅkehi vā khajjamānaṃ sunakhehi vā khajjamānaṃ byagghehi vā khajjamānaṃ dīpīhi vā khajjamānaṃ siṅgālehi vā [gijjhehi vā khajjamānaṃ, suvānehi vā khajjamānaṃ, sigālehi vā (syā. pī.)] khajjamānaṃ vividhehi vā pāṇakajātehi khajjamānaṃ. So imameva kāyaṃ upasaṃharati : 'ayampi kho kāyo evaṃdhammo evaṃbhāvī evaṃanatītoti. Iti ajjhattaṃ vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati - pe - evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati. ''Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu seyyathāpi passeyya sarīraṃ sivathikāya chaḍḍitaṃ aṭṭhikasaṅkhalikaṃ samaṃsalohitaṃ nhārusambandhaṃ - pe - aṭṭhikasaṅkhalikaṃ nimaṃsalohitamakkhitaṃ nhārusambandhaṃ - pe - aṭṭhikasaṅkhalikaṃ apagatamaṃsalohitaṃ nhārusambandhaṃ - pe - aṭṭhikāni apagatasambandhāni [apagatanhārusambandhāni (syā.)] disā vidisā vikkhittāni, aññena hatthaṭṭhikaṃ aññena pādaṭṭhikaṃ aññena gopphakaṭṭhikaṃ [''aññena gopphakaṭṭhikanti idaṃ sī. syā. pī. potthakesu natthi] aññena jaṅghaṭṭhikaṃ aññena ūruṭṭhikaṃ aññena kaṭiṭṭhikaṃ [aññena kaṭaṭṭhikaṃ aññena piṭṭhaṭṭhikaṃ aññena kaṇṭakaṭṭhikaṃ aññena phāsukaṭṭhikaṃ aññena uraṭṭhikaṃ aññena aṃsaṭṭhikaṃ aññena bāhuṭṭhikaṃ (syā.)] aññena phāsukaṭṭhikaṃ aññena piṭṭhiṭṭhikaṃ aññena khandhaṭṭhikaṃ [aññena kaṭaṭṭhikaṃ aññena piṭṭhaṭṭhikaṃ aññena kaṇṭakaṭṭhikaṃ aññena phāsukaṭṭhikaṃ aññena uraṭṭhikaṃ aññena aṃsaṭṭhikaṃ aññena bāhuṭṭhikaṃ (syā.)] aññena gīvaṭṭhikaṃ aññena hanukaṭṭhikaṃ aññena dantaṭṭhikaṃ aññena sīsakaṭāhaṃ. So imameva kāyaṃ upasaṃharati : 'ayampi kho kāyo evaṃdhammo evaṃbhāvī evaṃanatītoti. Iti ajjhattaṃ vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati - pe - evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati. ''Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu seyyathāpi passeyya sarīraṃ sivathikāya chaḍḍitaṃ, aṭṭhikāni setāni saṅkhavaṇṇapaṭibhāgāni [saṅkhavaṇṇūpanibhāni (sī. syā. pī.)] - pe - aṭṭhikāni puñjakitāni terovassikāni - pe - aṭṭhikāni pūtīni cuṇṇakajātāni . So imameva kāyaṃ upasaṃharati : 'ayampi kho kāyo evaṃdhammo evaṃbhāvī evaṃanatītoti. Iti ajjhattaṃ vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati samudayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati. 'Atthi kāyoti vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti. Yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.

Navasivathikapabbaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.

Cuddasakāyānupassanā niṭṭhitā.

Vedanānupassanā

113. ''Kathañca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharati? idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sukhaṃ vā [sukhaṃ, dukkhaṃ, adukkhamasukhaṃ (sī. syā. pī. ka.)] vedanaṃ vedayamāno 'sukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayāmīti pajānāti dukkhaṃ vā [sukhaṃ, dukkhaṃ adukkhamasukhaṃ (sī. syā. pī. ka.)] vedanaṃ vedayamāno 'dukkhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayāmīti pajānāti adukkhamasukhaṃ vā vedanaṃ vedayamāno 'adukkhamasukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayāmīti pajānāti sāmisaṃ vā sukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayamāno 'sāmisaṃ sukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayāmīti pajānāti nirāmisaṃ vā sukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayamāno 'nirāmisaṃ sukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayāmīti pajānāti sāmisaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayamāno 'sāmisaṃ dukkhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayāmīti pajānāti nirāmisaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayamāno 'nirāmisaṃ dukkhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayāmīti pajānāti sāmisaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayamāno 'sāmisaṃ adukkhamasukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayāmīti pajānāti nirāmisaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayamāno 'nirāmisaṃ adukkhamasukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayāmīti pajānāti iti ajjhattaṃ vā vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharati samudayadhammānupassī vā vedanāsu viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā vedanāsu viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā vedanāsu viharati. 'Atthi vedanāti vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti. Yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya anissito ca viharati , na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharati.

Vedanānupassanā niṭṭhitā.

Cittānupassanā

114. ''Kathañca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu citte cittānupassī viharati? idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sarāgaṃ vā cittaṃ 'sarāgaṃ cittanti pajānāti, vītarāgaṃ vā cittaṃ 'vītarāgaṃ cittanti pajānāti sadosaṃ vā cittaṃ 'sadosaṃ cittanti pajānāti, vītadosaṃ vā cittaṃ 'vītadosaṃ cittanti pajānāti samohaṃ vā cittaṃ 'samohaṃ cittanti pajānāti, vītamohaṃ vā cittaṃ 'vītamohaṃ cittanti pajānāti saṃkhittaṃ vā cittaṃ 'saṃkhittaṃ cittanti pajānāti, vikkhittaṃ vā cittaṃ 'vikkhittaṃ cittanti pajānāti mahaggataṃ vā cittaṃ 'mahaggataṃ cittanti pajānāti, amahaggataṃ vā cittaṃ 'amahaggataṃ cittanti pajānāti sauttaraṃ vā cittaṃ 'sauttaraṃ cittanti pajānāti, anuttaraṃ vā cittaṃ 'anuttaraṃ cittanti pajānāti samāhitaṃ vā cittaṃ 'samāhitaṃ cittanti pajānāti, asamāhitaṃ vā cittaṃ 'asamāhitaṃ cittanti pajānāti vimuttaṃ vā cittaṃ 'vimuttaṃ cittanti pajānāti, avimuttaṃ vā cittaṃ 'avimuttaṃ cittanti pajānāti. Iti ajjhattaṃ vā citte cittānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā citte cittānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā citte cittānupassī viharati samudayadhammānupassī vā cittasmiṃ viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā cittasmiṃ viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā cittasmiṃ viharati. 'Atthi cittanti vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti. Yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati . Evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu citte cittānupassī viharati.

Cittānupassanā niṭṭhitā.

Dhammānupassanā nīvaraṇapabbaṃ

115. ''Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati? idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati pañcasu nīvaraṇesu. Kathañca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati pañcasu nīvaraṇesu? ''idha , bhikkhave, bhikkhu santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ kāmacchandaṃ 'atthi me ajjhattaṃ kāmacchandoti pajānāti, asantaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ kāmacchandaṃ 'natthi me ajjhattaṃ kāmacchandoti pajānāti yathā ca anuppannassa kāmacchandassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa kāmacchandassa pahānaṃ hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnassa kāmacchandassa āyatiṃ anuppādo hoti tañca pajānāti. ''Santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ byāpādaṃ 'atthi me ajjhattaṃ byāpādoti pajānāti, asantaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ byāpādaṃ 'natthi me ajjhattaṃ byāpādoti pajānāti yathā ca anuppannassa byāpādassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa byāpādassa pahānaṃ hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnassa byāpādassa āyatiṃ anuppādo hoti tañca pajānāti. ''Santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ thīnamiddhaṃ 'atthi me ajjhattaṃ thīnamiddhanti pajānāti, asantaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ thīnamiddhaṃ 'natthi me ajjhattaṃ thīnamiddhanti pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa thīnamiddhassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa thīnamiddhassa pahānaṃ hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnassa thīnamiddhassa āyatiṃ anuppādo hoti tañca pajānāti. ''Santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ uddhaccakukkuccaṃ 'atthi me ajjhattaṃ uddhaccakukkuccanti pajānāti, asantaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ uddhaccakukkuccaṃ 'natthi me ajjhattaṃ uddhaccakukkuccanti pajānāti yathā ca anuppannassa uddhaccakukkuccassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa uddhaccakukkuccassa pahānaṃ hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnassa uddhaccakukkuccassa āyatiṃ anuppādo hoti tañca pajānāti. ''Santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ vicikicchaṃ 'atthi me ajjhattaṃ vicikicchāti pajānāti, asantaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ vicikicchaṃ 'natthi me ajjhattaṃ vicikicchāti pajānāti yathā ca anuppannāya vicikicchāya uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannāya vicikicchāya pahānaṃ hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnāya vicikicchāya āyatiṃ anuppādo hoti tañca pajānāti. ''Iti ajjhattaṃ vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati samudayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati , samudayavayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati. 'Atthi dhammāti vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti. Yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati pañcasu nīvaraṇesu.

Nīvaraṇapabbaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.

Dhammānupassanā khandhapabbaṃ

116. ''Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu. Kathañca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu? idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu : 'iti rūpaṃ, iti rūpassa samudayo, iti rūpassa atthaṅgamo iti vedanā, iti vedanāya samudayo, iti vedanāya atthaṅgamo iti saññā, iti saññāya samudayo, iti saññāya atthaṅgamo iti saṅkhārā, iti saṅkhārānaṃ samudayo, iti saṅkhārānaṃ atthaṅgamo iti viññāṇaṃ, iti viññāṇassa samudayo, iti viññāṇassa atthaṅgamoti iti ajjhattaṃ vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati samudayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati. 'Atthi dhammāti vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti. Yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu.

Khandhapabbaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.

Dhammānupassanā āyatanapabbaṃ

117. ''Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati chasu ajjhattikabāhiresu āyatanesu. Kathañca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati chasu ajjhattikabāhiresu āyatanesu? ''idha , bhikkhave, bhikkhu cakkhuñca pajānāti, rūpe ca pajānāti, yañca tadubhayaṃ paṭicca uppajjati saṃyojanaṃ tañca pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa saṃyojanassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa saṃyojanassa pahānaṃ hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnassa saṃyojanassa āyatiṃ anuppādo hoti tañca pajānāti. ''Sotañca pajānāti, sadde ca pajānāti, yañca tadubhayaṃ paṭicca uppajjati saṃyojanaṃ tañca pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa saṃyojanassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa saṃyojanassa pahānaṃ hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnassa saṃyojanassa āyatiṃ anuppādo hoti tañca pajānāti. ''ghĀnañca pajānāti, gandhe ca pajānāti, yañca tadubhayaṃ paṭicca uppajjati saṃyojanaṃ tañca pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa saṃyojanassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa saṃyojanassa pahānaṃ hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnassa saṃyojanassa āyatiṃ anuppādo hoti tañca pajānāti. ''Jivhañca pajānāti, rase ca pajānāti, yañca tadubhayaṃ paṭicca uppajjati saṃyojanaṃ tañca pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa saṃyojanassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa saṃyojanassa pahānaṃ hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnassa saṃyojanassa āyatiṃ anuppādo hoti tañca pajānāti. ''Kāyañca pajānāti, phoṭṭhabbe ca pajānāti, yañca tadubhayaṃ paṭicca uppajjati saṃyojanaṃ tañca pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa saṃyojanassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa saṃyojanassa pahānaṃ hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnassa saṃyojanassa āyatiṃ anuppādo hoti tañca pajānāti. ''Manañca pajānāti, dhamme ca pajānāti, yañca tadubhayaṃ paṭicca uppajjati saṃyojanaṃ tañca pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa saṃyojanassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa saṃyojanassa pahānaṃ hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnassa saṃyojanassa āyatiṃ anuppādo hoti tañca pajānāti.

''Iti ajjhattaṃ vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati samudayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati. 'Atthi dhammāti vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti. Yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya anissito ca viharati na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati chasu ajjhattikabāhiresu āyatanesu.

Āyatanapabbaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.

Dhammānupassanā bojjhaṅgapabbaṃ

118. ''Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati sattasu bojjhaṅgesu. Kathañca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati sattasu bojjhaṅgesu? idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ satisambojjhaṅgaṃ 'atthi me ajjhattaṃ satisambojjhaṅgoti pajānāti, asantaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ satisambojjhaṅgaṃ 'natthi me ajjhattaṃ satisambojjhaṅgoti pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa satisambojjhaṅgassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa satisambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya pāripūrī hoti tañca pajānāti. ''Santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgaṃ 'atthi me ajjhattaṃ dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgoti pajānāti, asantaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgaṃ 'natthi me ajjhattaṃ dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgoti pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya pāripūrī hoti tañca pajānāti. ''Santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ vīriyasambojjhaṅgaṃ 'atthi me ajjhattaṃ vīriyasambojjhaṅgoti pajānāti, asantaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ vīriyasambojjhaṅgaṃ 'natthi me ajjhattaṃ vīriyasambojjhaṅgoti pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa vīriyasambojjhaṅgassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa vīriyasambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya pāripūrī hoti tañca pajānāti. ''Santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ pītisambojjhaṅgaṃ 'atthi me ajjhattaṃ pītisambojjhaṅgoti pajānāti, asantaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ pītisambojjhaṅgaṃ 'natthi me ajjhattaṃ pītisambojjhaṅgoti pajānāti , yathā ca anuppannassa pītisambojjhaṅgassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa pītisambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya pāripūrī hoti tañca pajānāti. ''Santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ passaddhisambojjhaṅgaṃ 'atthi me ajjhattaṃ passaddhisambojjhaṅgoti pajānāti, asantaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ passaddhisambojjhaṅgaṃ 'natthi me ajjhattaṃ passaddhisambojjhaṅgoti pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa passaddhisambojjhaṅgassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa passaddhisambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya pāripūrī hoti tañca pajānāti. ''Santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ samādhisambojjhaṅgaṃ 'atthi me ajjhattaṃ samādhisambojjhaṅgoti pajānāti, asantaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ samādhisambojjhaṅgaṃ 'natthi me ajjhattaṃ samādhisambojjhaṅgoti pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa samādhisambojjhaṅgassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa samādhisambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya pāripūrī hoti tañca pajānāti. ''Santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ upekkhāsambojjhaṅgaṃ 'atthi me ajjhattaṃ upekkhāsambojjhaṅgoti pajānāti, asantaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ upekkhāsambojjhaṅgaṃ 'natthi me ajjhattaṃ upekkhāsambojjhaṅgoti pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa upekkhāsambojjhaṅgassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa upekkhāsambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya pāripūrī hoti tañca pajānāti . ''Iti ajjhattaṃ vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati samudayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati. 'Atthi dhammāti vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti. Yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati sattasu bojjhaṅgesu.

Bojjhaṅgapabbaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ [bojjhaṅgapabbaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ. Paṭhamabhāṇavāraṃ (syā.)].

Dhammānupassanā saccapabbaṃ

119. ''Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati catūsu ariyasaccesu. Kathañca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati catūsu ariyasaccesu? idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu 'idaṃ dukkhanti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, 'ayaṃ dukkhasamudayoti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, 'ayaṃ dukkhanirodhoti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, 'ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadāti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti.

Paṭhamabhāṇavāro niṭṭhito.

Dukkhasaccaniddeso

120. ''Katamañca , bhikkhave, dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ? jātipi dukkhā, jarāpi dukkhā, maraṇampi dukkhaṃ, sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsāpi dukkhā, appiyehi sampayogopi dukkho, piyehi vippayogopi dukkho [''appiyehi - pe - vippayogopi dukkhoti pāṭho ceva taṃniddeso ca sī. pī. potthakesu na dissati, sumaṅgalavilāsiniyaṃpi taṃsaṃvaṇṇanā natthi], yampicchaṃ na labhati tampi dukkhaṃ, saṃkhittena pañcupādānakkhandhā [pañcupādānakkhandhāpi (ka.)] dukkhā.

121. ''Katamā ca, bhikkhave, jāti? yā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ tamhi tamhi sattanikāye jāti sañjāti okkanti abhinibbatti khandhānaṃ pātubhāvo āyatanānaṃ paṭilābho, ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, jāti.

122. ''Katamā ca, bhikkhave, jarā? yā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ tamhi tamhi sattanikāye jarā jīraṇatā khaṇḍiccaṃ pāliccaṃ valittacatā āyuno saṃhāni indriyānaṃ paripāko, ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, jarā.

123. ''Katamañca, bhikkhave, maraṇaṃ? yaṃ [sumaṅgalavilāsinī oloketabbā] tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ tamhā tamhā sattanikāyā cuti cavanatā bhedo antaradhānaṃ maccu maraṇaṃ kālaṅkiriyā khandhānaṃ bhedo kaḷevarassa nikkhepo jīvitindriyassupacchedo, idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, maraṇaṃ.

124. ''Katamo ca, bhikkhave, soko? yo kho, bhikkhave, aññataraññatarena byasanena samannāgatassa aññataraññatarena dukkhadhammena phuṭṭhassa soko socanā socitattaṃ antosoko antoparisoko, ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, soko.

125. ''Katamo ca, bhikkhave, paridevo? yo kho, bhikkhave, aññataraññatarena byasanena samannāgatassa aññataraññatarena dukkhadhammena phuṭṭhassa ādevo paridevo ādevanā paridevanā ādevitattaṃ paridevitattaṃ, ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, paridevo.

126. ''Katamañca, bhikkhave, dukkhaṃ? yaṃ kho, bhikkhave, kāyikaṃ dukkhaṃ kāyikaṃ asātaṃ kāyasamphassajaṃ dukkhaṃ asātaṃ vedayitaṃ, idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, dukkhaṃ.

127. ''Katamañca, bhikkhave, domanassaṃ? yaṃ kho, bhikkhave, cetasikaṃ dukkhaṃ cetasikaṃ asātaṃ manosamphassajaṃ dukkhaṃ asātaṃ vedayitaṃ, idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, domanassaṃ.

128. ''Katamo ca, bhikkhave, upāyāso? yo kho, bhikkhave, aññataraññatarena byasanena samannāgatassa aññataraññatarena dukkhadhammena phuṭṭhassa āyāso upāyāso āyāsitattaṃ upāyāsitattaṃ, ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, upāyāso.

129. ''Katamo ca, bhikkhave, appiyehi sampayogo dukkho? idha yassa te honti aniṭṭhā akantā amanāpā rūpā saddā gandhā rasā phoṭṭhabbā dhammā, ye vā panassa te honti anatthakāmā ahitakāmā aphāsukakāmā ayogakkhemakāmā, yā tehi saddhiṃ saṅgati samāgamo samodhānaṃ missībhāvo, ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, appiyehi sampayogo dukkho.

130. ''Katamo ca, bhikkhave, piyehi vippayogo dukkho? idha yassa te honti iṭṭhā kantā manāpā rūpā saddā gandhā rasā phoṭṭhabbā dhammā, ye vā panassa te honti atthakāmā hitakāmā phāsukakāmā yogakkhemakāmā mātā vā pitā vā bhātā vā bhaginī vā mittā vā amaccā vā ñātisālohitā vā, yā tehi saddhiṃ asaṅgati asamāgamo asamodhānaṃ amissībhāvo, ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, piyehi vippayogo dukkho.

131. ''Katamañca, bhikkhave, yampicchaṃ na labhati tampi dukkhaṃ? jātidhammānaṃ, bhikkhave , sattānaṃ evaṃ icchā uppajjati : 'aho vata mayaṃ na jātidhammā assāma, na ca vata no jāti āgaccheyyāti. Na kho panetaṃ icchāya pattabbaṃ, idampi yampicchaṃ na labhati tampi dukkhaṃ. Jarādhammānaṃ, bhikkhave, sattānaṃ evaṃ icchā uppajjati : 'aho vata mayaṃ na jarādhammā assāma, na ca vata no jarā āgaccheyyāti. Na kho panetaṃ icchāya pattabbaṃ, idampi yampicchaṃ na labhati tampi dukkhaṃ. Byādhidhammānaṃ, bhikkhave, sattānaṃ evaṃ icchā uppajjati : 'aho vata mayaṃ na byādhidhammā assāma, na ca vata no byādhi āgaccheyyāti. Na kho panetaṃ icchāya pattabbaṃ, idampi yampicchaṃ na labhati tampi dukkhaṃ. Maraṇadhammānaṃ, bhikkhave, sattānaṃ evaṃ icchā uppajjati : 'aho vata mayaṃ na maraṇadhammā assāma, na ca vata no maraṇaṃ āgaccheyyāti. Na kho panetaṃ icchāya pattabbaṃ, idampi yampicchaṃ na labhati tampi dukkhaṃ. Sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsadhammānaṃ, bhikkhave, sattānaṃ evaṃ icchā uppajjati : 'aho vata mayaṃ na sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsadhammā assāma, na ca vata no sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsadhammā āgaccheyyunti. Na kho panetaṃ icchāya pattabbaṃ, idampi yampicchaṃ na labhati tampi dukkhaṃ.

132. ''Katame ca, bhikkhave, saṃkhittena pañcupādānakkhandhā dukkhā? seyyathidaṃ : rūpupādānakkhandho, vedanupādānakkhandho, saññupādānakkhandho, saṅkhārupādānakkhandho, viññāṇupādānakkhandho. Ime vuccanti, bhikkhave, saṃkhittena pañcupādānakkhandhā dukkhā. Idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ.

Samudayasaccaniddeso

133. ''Katamañca, bhikkhave, dukkhasamudayaṃ [dukkhasamudayo (syā.)] ariyasaccaṃ? yāyaṃ taṇhā ponobbhavikā [ponobhavikā (sī. pī.)] nandīrāgasahagatā [nandirāgasahagatā (sī. syā. pī.)] tatratatrābhinandinī. Seyyathidaṃ : kāmataṇhā bhavataṇhā vibhavataṇhā. ''Sā kho panesā, bhikkhave, taṇhā kattha uppajjamānā uppajjati, kattha nivisamānā nivisati? yaṃ loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. ''Kiñca loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ? cakkhu loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Sotaṃ loke - pe - ghānaṃ loke... jivhā loke... kāyo loke... mano loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. ''Rūpā loke... saddā loke... gandhā loke... rasā loke... phoṭṭhabbā loke... dhammā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. ''Cakkhuviññāṇaṃ loke... sotaviññāṇaṃ loke... ghānaviññāṇaṃ loke... jivhāviññāṇaṃ loke... kāyaviññāṇaṃ loke... manoviññāṇaṃ loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. ''Cakkhusamphasso loke... sotasamphasso loke... ghānasamphasso loke... jivhāsamphasso loke... kāyasamphasso loke... manosamphasso loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. ''Cakkhusamphassajā vedanā loke... sotasamphassajā vedanā loke... ghānasamphassajā vedanā loke... jivhāsamphassajā vedanā loke... kāyasamphassajā vedanā loke... manosamphassajā vedanā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. ''Rūpasaññā loke... saddasaññā loke... gandhasaññā loke... rasasaññā loke... phoṭṭhabbasaññā loke... dhammasaññā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. ''Rūpasañcetanā loke... saddasañcetanā loke... gandhasañcetanā loke... rasasañcetanā loke... phoṭṭhabbasañcetanā loke... dhammasañcetanā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. ''Rūpataṇhā loke... saddataṇhā loke... gandhataṇhā loke... rasataṇhā loke... phoṭṭhabbataṇhā loke... dhammataṇhā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. ''Rūpavitakko loke... saddavitakko loke... gandhavitakko loke... rasavitakko loke... phoṭṭhabbavitakko loke... dhammavitakko loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. ''Rūpavicāro loke... saddavicāro loke... gandhavicāro loke... rasavicāro loke... phoṭṭhabbavicāro loke... dhammavicāro loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, dukkhasamudayaṃ ariyasaccaṃ.

Nirodhasaccaniddeso

134. ''Katamañca, bhikkhave, dukkhanirodhaṃ [dukkhanirodho (syā.)] ariyasaccaṃ? yo tassāyeva taṇhāya asesavirāganirodho cāgo paṭinissaggo mutti anālayo. ''Sā kho panesā, bhikkhave, taṇhā kattha pahīyamānā pahīyati, kattha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati? yaṃ loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. ''Kiñca loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ? cakkhu loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Sotaṃ loke - pe - ghānaṃ loke... jivhā loke... kāyo loke... mano loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. ''Rūpā loke... saddā loke... gandhā loke... rasā loke... phoṭṭhabbā loke... dhammā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. ''Cakkhuviññāṇaṃ loke... sotaviññāṇaṃ loke... ghānaviññāṇaṃ loke... jivhāviññāṇaṃ loke... kāyaviññāṇaṃ loke... manoviññāṇaṃ loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. ''Cakkhusamphasso loke... sotasamphasso loke... ghānasamphasso loke... jivhāsamphasso loke... kāyasamphasso loke... manosamphasso loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. ''Cakkhusamphassajā vedanā loke... sotasamphassajā vedanā loke... ghānasamphassajā vedanā loke... jivhāsamphassajā vedanā loke... kāyasamphassajā vedanā loke... manosamphassajā vedanā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. ''Rūpasaññā loke... saddasaññā loke... gandhasaññā loke... rasasaññā loke... phoṭṭhabbasaññā loke... dhammasaññā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. ''Rūpasañcetanā loke... saddasañcetanā loke... gandhasañcetanā loke... rasasañcetanā loke... phoṭṭhabbasañcetanā loke... dhammasañcetanā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. ''Rūpataṇhā loke... saddataṇhā loke... gandhataṇhā loke... rasataṇhā loke... phoṭṭhabbataṇhā loke... dhammataṇhā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. ''Rūpavitakko loke... saddavitakko loke... gandhavitakko loke... rasavitakko loke... phoṭṭhabbavitakko loke... dhammavitakko loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati.

''Rūpavicāro loke... saddavicāro loke... gandhavicāro loke... rasavicāro loke... phoṭṭhabbavicāro loke... dhammavicāro loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ. Etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhāmānā nirujjhati. Idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, dukkhanirodhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ.

Maggasaccaniddeso

135. ''Katamañca, bhikkhave, dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā ariyasaccaṃ? ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo seyyathidaṃ : sammādiṭṭhi sammāsaṅkappo sammāvācā sammākammanto sammāājīvo sammāvāyāmo sammāsati sammāsamādhi.

''Katamā ca, bhikkhave, sammādiṭṭhi? yaṃ kho, bhikkhave, dukkhe ñāṇaṃ, dukkhasamudaye ñāṇaṃ, dukkhanirodhe ñāṇaṃ, dukkhanirodhagāminiyā paṭipadāya ñāṇaṃ. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, sammādiṭṭhi.

''Katamo ca, bhikkhave, sammāsaṅkappo? nekkhammasaṅkappo abyāpādasaṅkappo avihiṃsāsaṅkappo. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, sammāsaṅkappo.

''Katamā ca, bhikkhave, sammāvācā? musāvādā veramaṇī [veramaṇi (ka.)], pisuṇāya vācāya veramaṇī, pharusāya vācāya veramaṇī, samphappalāpā veramaṇī . Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, sammāvācā.

''Katamo ca, bhikkhave, sammākammanto? pāṇātipātā veramaṇī, adinnādānā veramaṇī, kāmesumicchācārā veramaṇī. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, sammākammanto.

''Katamo ca, bhikkhave, sammāājīvo? idha, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako micchāājīvaṃ pahāya sammāājīvena jīvitaṃ kappeti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, sammāājīvo. ''Katamo ca, bhikkhave, sammāvāyāmo? idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu anuppannānaṃ pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ anuppādāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati uppannānaṃ pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati anuppannānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ uppādāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati uppannānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ ṭhitiyā asammosāya bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, sammāvāyāmo. ''Katamā ca, bhikkhave, sammāsati? idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ citte cittānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, sammāsati. ''Katamo ca, bhikkhave, sammāsamādhi? idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā ajjhattaṃ sampasādanaṃ cetaso ekodibhāvaṃ avitakkaṃ avicāraṃ samādhijaṃ pītisukhaṃ dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Pītiyā ca virāgā upekkhako ca viharati, sato ca sampajāno, sukhañca kāyena paṭisaṃvedeti, yaṃ taṃ ariyā ācikkhanti 'upekkhako satimā sukhavihārīti tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Sukhassa ca pahānā dukkhassa ca pahānā pubbeva somanassadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamā adukkhamasukhaṃ upekkhāsatipārisuddhiṃ catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, sammāsamādhi. Idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā ariyasaccaṃ.

136. ''Iti ajjhattaṃ vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati samudayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati. 'Atthi dhammāti vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti. Yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati catūsu ariyasaccesu.

Saccapabbaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.

Dhammānupassanā niṭṭhitā.

137. ''Yo hi koci, bhikkhave, ime cattāro satipaṭṭhāne evaṃ bhāveyya satta vassāni, tassa dvinnaṃ phalānaṃ aññataraṃ phalaṃ pāṭikaṅkhaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme aññā sati vā upādisese anāgāmitā. ''Tiṭṭhantu, bhikkhave, satta vassāni. Yo hi koci , bhikkhave, ime cattāro satipaṭṭhāne evaṃ bhāveyya cha vassāni - pe - pañca vassāni... cattāri vassāni... tīṇi vassāni... dve vassāni... ekaṃ vassaṃ... tiṭṭhatu, bhikkhave, ekaṃ vassaṃ. Yo hi koci, bhikkhave, ime cattāro satipaṭṭhāne evaṃ bhāveyya satta māsāni, tassa dvinnaṃ phalānaṃ aññataraṃ phalaṃ pāṭikaṅkhaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme aññā sati vā upādisese anāgāmitā. Tiṭṭhantu, bhikkhave, satta māsāni. Yo hi koci, bhikkhave, ime cattāro satipaṭṭhāne evaṃ bhāveyya cha māsāni - pe - pañca māsāni... cattāri māsāni... tīṇi māsāni... dve māsāni... ekaṃ māsaṃ... aḍḍhamāsaṃ... tiṭṭhatu, bhikkhave, aḍḍhamāso. Yo hi koci, bhikkhave, ime cattāro satipaṭṭhāne evaṃ bhāveyya sattāhaṃ, tassa dvinnaṃ phalānaṃ aññataraṃ phalaṃ pāṭikaṅkhaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme aññā sati vā upādisese anāgāmitāti.

138. '''Ekāyano ayaṃ, bhikkhave, maggo sattānaṃ visuddhiyā sokaparidevānaṃ samatikkamāya dukkhadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamāya ñāyassa adhigamāya nibbānassa sacchikiriyāya yadidaṃ cattāro satipaṭṭhānāti. Iti yaṃ taṃ vuttaṃ, idametaṃ paṭicca vuttanti.

Idamavoca Bhagavā. Attamanā te bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandunti.

Mahāsatipaṭṭhānasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ dasamaṃ.

Mūlapariyāyavaggo niṭṭhito paṭhamo.

Tassuddānaṃ : [ito paraṃ kesuci potthakesu imāpi gāthāyo evaṃ dissanti : ajaraṃ amataṃ amatādhigamaṃ, phalamagganidassanaṃ dukkhanudaṃ. Sahitattaṃ mahārasahassakaraṃ, bhūtamiti sāraṃ vividhaṃ suṇātha.. Taḷākaṃ vasupūritaṃ ghammapathe, tividhaggipiḷesitanibbāpanaṃ. Byādhipanudanaosadhayo, pacchimasuttapavarā ṭhapitā.. Madhumandavarasāmadānaṃ, khiḍḍārati jananimanusaṅghātaṃ. Tathā sutte veyyākaraṇā ṭhapitā, sakyaputtānamabhidamanatthāya.. Paññāsaṃ ca diyaḍhḍasataṃ, dve ca veyyākaraṇaṃ apare ca. Tevanāmagataṃ ca anupubbaṃ, ekamanā nisāmetha mudaggaṃ..]

Mūlasusaṃvaradhammadāyādā, bheravānaṅgaṇākaṅkheyyavatthaṃ.

Sallekhasammādiṭṭhisatipaṭṭhaṃ, vaggavaro asamo susamatto..

-ooOoo-

10. Satipaṭṭhānasuttavaṇṇanā [Atthakathā]

105. Evaṃ me sutanti satipaṭṭhānasuttaṃ. Tattha kurūsu viharatīti kurunāmakā jānapadino rājakumārā, tesaṃ nivāso ekopi janapado ruḷhīsaddena kurūti vuccati, tasmiṃ kurūsu janapade. Aṭṭhakathācariyā panāhu – mandhātukāle tīsu dīpesu manussā jambudīpo nāma buddhapaccekabuddhamahāsāvakacakkavattipabhutīnaṃ uttamapurisānaṃ uppattibhūmi uttamadīpo atiramaṇīyoti sutvā raññā mandhātucakkavattinā cakkaratanaṃ purakkhatvā cattāro dīpe anusaṃyāyantena saddhiṃ āgamaṃsu. Tato rājā pariṇāyakaratanaṃ pucchi –

‘‘Atthi nu kho manussalokato ramaṇīyataraṃ ṭhāna’’nti?

‘‘Kasmā deva evaṃ bhaṇasi?

‘‘Kiṃ na passasi candimasūriyānaṃ ānubhāvaṃ?

‘‘Nanu etesaṃ ṭhānaṃ ito ramaṇīyatara’’nti?

Rājā cakkaratanaṃ purakkhatvā tattha agamāsi. Cattāro mahārājāno ‘‘mandhātumahārājā āgato’’ti sutvāva ‘‘mahiddhiko mahānubhāvo rājā na sakkā yuddhena paṭibāhitu’’nti sakarajjaṃ niyyātesuṃ. So taṃ gahetvā puna pucchi – ‘‘atthi nu kho ito ramaṇīyataraṃ ṭhāna’’nti. Athassa tāvatiṃsabhavanaṃ kathayiṃsu – ‘‘tāvatiṃsabhavanaṃ, deva, ramaṇīyataraṃ, tattha sakkassa devarañño ime cattāro mahārājāno paricārakā dovārikabhūmiyaṃ tiṭṭhanti. Sakko devarājā mahiddhiko mahānubhāvo. Tassimāni pana upabhogaṭṭhānāni, yojanasahassubbedho vejayantapāsādo, pañcayojanasatubbedhā sudhammā devasabhā, diyaḍḍhayojanasatiko vejayantaratho, tathā erāvaṇo hatthī, dibbarukkhasahassapaṭimaṇḍitaṃ nandanavanaṃ cittalatāvanaṃ phārusakavanaṃ missakavanaṃ. Yojanasatubbedho pāricchattako koviḷāro, tassa heṭṭhā saṭṭhiyojanāyāmā paṇṇāsayojanavitthatā pañcadasayojanubbedhā jayasumanapupphavaṇṇā paṇḍukambalasilā, yassā mudutāya sakkassa nisīdato upaḍḍhakāyo anupavisatī’’ti.

Taṃ sutvā rājā tattha gantukāmo cakkaratanaṃ abbhukkiri. Taṃ ākāse patiṭṭhāsi saddhiṃ caturaṅginiyā senāya. Atha dvinnaṃ devalokānaṃ vemajjhato cakkaratanaṃ otaritvā pathaviyaṃ patiṭṭhāsi saddhiṃ pariṇāyakaratanappamukhāya caturaṅginiyā senāya. Rājā ekakova tāvatiṃsabhavanaṃ agamāsi. Sakko ‘‘mandhātā āgato’’ti sutvāva tassa paccuggamanaṃ katvā – ‘‘svāgataṃ te, mahārāja, sakaṃ te, mahārāja. Anusāsa, mahārājā’’ti vatvā saddhiṃ nāṭakehi rajjaṃ dvebhāge katvā ekaṃ bhāgamadāsi. Rañño tāvatiṃsabhavane patiṭṭhitamattasseva manussabhāvo vigacchi, devabhāvo pāturahosi.

Tassa kira sakkena saddhiṃ paṇḍukambalasilāyaṃ nisinnassa akkhinimisamattena nānattaṃ paññāyati. Taṃ asallakkhentā devā sakkassa ca tassa ca nānatte muyhanti. So tattha dibbasampattiṃ anubhavamāno yāva chattiṃsa sakkā uppajjitvā cutā, tāva rajjaṃ kāretvā atittoyeva kāmehi tato cavitvā attano uyyāne patiṭṭhito vātātapena phuṭṭhagatto kālamakāsi.

Cakkaratane pana pathaviyaṃ patiṭṭhite pariṇāyakaratanaṃ suvaṇṇapaṭṭe mandhātuupāhanaṃ likhāpetvā idaṃ mandhāturajjanti rajjamanusāsi. Tepi tīhi dīpehi āgatamanussā puna gantuṃ asakkontā pariṇāyakaratanaṃ upasaṅkamitvā ‘‘deva mayaṃ rañño ānubhāvena āgatā, idāni gantuṃ na sakkoma, vasanaṭṭhānaṃ no dehī’’ti yāciṃsu. So tesaṃ ekekaṃ janapadamadāsi. Tattha pubbavidehato āgatamanussehi āvasitapadeso tāyeva purimasaññāya videharaṭṭhanti nāmaṃ labhi. Aparagoyānato āgatamanussehi āvasitapadeso aparantajanapadoti nāmaṃ labhi. Uttarakuruto āgatamanussehi āvasitapadeso kururaṭṭhanti nāmaṃ labhīti. Bahuke pana gāmanigamādayo upādāya bahuvacanena voharīyati. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘kurūsu viharatī’’ti.

Kammāsadhammaṃ nāma kurūnaṃ nigamoti. Kammāsadhammanti ettha keci dha-kārassa da-kārena atthaṃ vaṇṇayanti. Kammāso ettha damitoti kammāsadammo. Kammāsoti kammāsapādo porisādo vuccati. Tassa kira pāde khāṇukena viddhaṭṭhāne vaṇo ruhanto cittadārusadiso hutvā ruhi, tasmā kammāsapādoti paññāyittha. So ca tasmiṃ okāse damito porisādabhāvato paṭisedhito. Kena? Mahāsattena. Katarasmiṃ jātaketi? Mahāsutasomajātaketi eke. Ime pana therā jayaddisajātaketi vadanti. Tadā hi mahāsattena kammāsapādo damito. Yathāha –

‘‘Putto yadā homi jayaddisassa,

Pañcālaraṭṭhādhipatissa atrajo;

Cajitvāna pāṇaṃ pitaraṃ pamocayiṃ,

Kammāsapādampi cahaṃ pasādayi’’nti.

Keci pana dha-kāreneva atthaṃ vaṇṇayanti. Kururaṭṭhavāsīnaṃ kira kuruvattadhammo tasmiṃ kammāso jāto, tasmā taṃ ṭhānaṃ kammāso ettha dhammo jātoti kammāsadhammanti vuccati. Tattha niviṭṭhanigamassāpi etadeva nāmaṃ. Bhummavacanena kasmā na vuttanti? Avasanokāsato. Bhagavato kira tasmiṃ nigame vasanokāso koci vihāro nāhosi. Nigamato pana apakkamma aññatarasmiṃ udakasampanne ramaṇīye bhūmibhāge mahāvanasaṇḍo ahosi. Tattha bhagavā vihāsi. Taṃ nigamaṃ gocaragāmaṃ katvā, tasmā evamettha attho veditabbo ‘‘kurūsu viharati kammāsadhammaṃ nāma kurūnaṃ nigamo, taṃ gocaragāmaṃ katvā’’ti.

Uddesavārakathāvaṇṇanā

106. Ekāyano ayaṃ, bhikkhave, maggoti. Kasmā bhagavā idaṃ suttamabhāsi? Kururaṭṭhavāsīnaṃ gambhīradesanāpaṭiggahaṇasamatthatāya. Kururaṭṭhavāsino kira bhikkhū bhikkhuniyo upāsakā upāsikāyo utupaccayādisampannattā tassa raṭṭhassa sappāyautupaccayasevanena niccaṃ kallasarīrā kallacittā ca honti. Te cittasarīrakallatāya anuggahitapaññābalā gambhīrakathaṃ pariggahetuṃ samatthā honti. Tena tesaṃ bhagavā imaṃ gambhīradesanāpaṭiggahaṇasamatthataṃ sampassanto ekavīsatiyā ṭhānesu kammaṭṭhānaṃ arahatte pakkhipitvā idaṃ gambhīratthaṃ satipaṭṭhānasuttaṃ abhāsi. Yathā hi puriso suvaṇṇacaṅkoṭakaṃ labhitvā tattha nānāpupphāni pakkhipeyya, suvaṇṇamañjūsaṃ vā pana labhitvā sattaratanāni pakkhipeyya, evaṃ bhagavā kururaṭṭhavāsiparisaṃ labhitvā gambhīradesanaṃ desesi. Tenevettha aññānipi gambhīratthāni dīghanikāye mahānidānaṃ mahāsatipaṭṭhānaṃ imasmiṃ majjhimanikāye sāropamaṃ rukkhūpamaṃ raṭṭhapālaṃ māgaṇḍiyaṃ āneñjasappāyanti aññānipi suttāni desesi.

Apica tasmiṃ janapade catasso parisā pakatiyāva satipaṭṭhānabhāvanānuyogamanuyuttā viharanti, antamaso dāsakammakaraparijanāpi satipaṭṭhānappaṭisaṃyuttameva kathaṃ kathenti. Udakatitthasuttakantanaṭṭhānādīsupi niratthakakathā nāma na pavattati. Sace kāci itthī ‘‘amma tvaṃ kataraṃ satipaṭṭhānabhāvanaṃ manasikarosī’’ti pucchitā ‘‘na kiñcī’’ti vadati. Taṃ garahanti ‘‘dhiratthu tava jīvitaṃ, jīvamānāpi tvaṃ matasadisā’’ti. Atha naṃ ‘‘mā dāni puna evamakāsī’’ti ovaditvā aññataraṃ satipaṭṭhānaṃ uggaṇhāpenti. Yā pana ‘‘ahaṃ asukaṃ satipaṭṭhānaṃ manasikaromī’’ti vadati. Tassā ‘‘sādhu sādhū’’ti sādhukāraṃ datvā ‘‘tava jīvitaṃ sujīvitaṃ, tvaṃ nāma manussattaṃ pattā, tavatthāya sammāsambuddho uppanno’’tiādīhi pasaṃsanti. Na kevalañcettha manussajātiyāyeva satipaṭṭhānamanasikārayuttā, te nissāya viharantā tiracchānagatāpi. Tatridaṃ vatthu – eko kira naṭako suvapotakaṃ gahetvā sikkhāpento vicarati. So bhikkhunupassayaṃ upanissāya vasitvā gamanakāle suvapotakaṃ pamussitvā gato. Taṃ sāmaṇeriyo gahetvā paṭijaggiṃsu. Buddharakkhitotissa nāmaṃ akaṃsu. Taṃ ekadivasaṃ purato nisinnaṃ disvā mahātherī āha – ‘‘buddharakkhitā’’ti?

Kiṃ ayyeti.

Atthi koci tava manasikāroti?

Natthi ayyeti.

Āvuso, pabbajitānaṃ santike vasantena nāma vissaṭṭhaattabhāvena bhavituṃ na vaṭṭati, kocideva manasikāro icchitabbo, tvaṃ pana aññaṃ na sakkhissasi ‘‘aṭṭhi aṭṭhī’’ti sajjhāyaṃ karohīti. So theriyā ovāde ṭhatvā ‘‘aṭṭhi aṭṭhī’’ti sajjhāyanto carati.

Taṃ ekadivasaṃ pātova toraṇagge nisīditvā bālātapaṃ tapamānaṃ eko sakuṇo nakhapañjarena aggahesi. So ‘‘kiri kirī’’ti saddamakāsi. Sāmaṇeriyo sutvā ‘‘ayye buddharakkhito sakuṇena gahito, mocema na’’nti leḍḍuādīni gahetvā anubandhitvā mocesuṃ. Taṃ ānetvā purato ṭhapitaṃ therī āha –

‘‘Buddharakkhita, sakuṇena gahitakāle kiṃ cintesī’’ti?

Na ayye aññaṃ cintesiṃ, ‘‘aṭṭhipuñjova aṭṭhipuñjaṃ gahetvā gacchati, katarasmimpi ṭhāne vippakirissatī’’ti evaṃ ayye aṭṭhipuñjameva cintesinti.

Sādhu sādhu, buddharakkhita, anāgate bhavakkhayassa te paccayo bhavissatīti. Evaṃ tattha tiracchānagatāpi satipaṭṭhānamanasikārayuttā, tasmā nesaṃ bhagavā satipaṭṭhānabuddhimeva janento idaṃ suttaṃ abhāsi.

Tattha ekāyanoti ekamaggo. Maggassa hi –

‘‘Maggo pantho patho pajjo, añjasaṃ vaṭumāyanaṃ;

Nāvā uttarasetū ca, kullo ca bhisisaṅkamo’’ti. (cūḷani. 101) –

Bahūni nāmāni. Svāyaṃ idha ayananāmena vutto. Tasmā ekāyano ayaṃ, bhikkhave, maggoti ettha ekamaggo ayaṃ, bhikkhave, maggo, na dvedhāpathabhūtoti evamattho daṭṭhabbo. Atha vā ekena ayitabboti ekāyano. Ekenāti gaṇasaṅgaṇikaṃ pahāya vūpakaṭṭhena pavivittacittena. Ayitabboti paṭipajjitabbo. Ayanti vā etenāti ayano, saṃsārato nibbānaṃ gacchantīti attho. Ekassa ayano ekāyano, ekassāti seṭṭhassa. Sabbasattānaṃ seṭṭho ca bhagavā, tasmā bhagavatoti vuttaṃ hoti. Kiñcāpi hi tena aññepi ayanti, evaṃ santepi bhagavatova so ayano tena uppāditattā. Yathāha ‘‘so hi, brāhmaṇa, bhagavā anuppannassa maggassa uppādetā’’tiādi (ma. ni. 3.79). Ayatīti vā ayano, gacchati pavattatīti attho. Ekasmiṃ ayanoti ekāyano, imasmiṃyeva dhammavinaye pavattati, na aññatrāti vuttaṃ hoti. Yathāha ‘‘imasmiṃ kho, subhadda, dhammavinaye ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo upalabbhatī’’ti (dī. ni. 2.214). Desanābhedoyeva heso, attho paneko. Apica ekaṃ ayatīti ekāyano. Pubbabhāge nānāmukhabhāvanānayappavattopi aparabhāge ekaṃ nibbānameva gacchatīti vuttaṃ hoti. Yathāha brahmā sahampati –

‘‘Ekāyanaṃ jātikhayantadassī,

Maggaṃ pajānāti hitānukampī;

Etena maggena tariṃsu pubbe,

Tarissanti ye ca taranti ogha’’nti. (saṃ. ni. 5.409);

Keci pana ‘‘na pāraṃ diguṇaṃ yantī’’ti gāthānayena yasmā ekavāraṃ nibbānaṃ gacchati. Tasmā ‘‘ekāyano’’ti vadanti, taṃ na yujjati. Imassa hi atthassa sakiṃ ayanoti iminā byañjanena bhavitabbaṃ. Yadi pana ekaṃ ayanamassa ekā gati pavattīti evamatthaṃ yojetvā vucceyya, byañjanaṃ yujjeyya, attho pana ubhayathāpi na yujjati. Kasmā? Idha pubbabhāgamaggassa adhippetattā. Kāyādicatuārammaṇappavatto hi pubbabhāgasatipaṭṭhānamaggo idha adhippeto, na lokuttaro. So ca anekavārampi ayati, anekañcassa ayanaṃ hoti.

Pubbepi ca imasmiṃ pade mahātherānaṃ sākacchā ahosiyeva. Tipiṭakacūḷanāgatthero ‘‘pubbabhāgasatipaṭṭhānamaggo’’ti āha. Ācariyo panassa tipiṭakacūḷasumatthero ‘‘missakamaggo’’ti āha. Pubbabhāgo bhanteti. Missako āvusoti. Ācariye punappunaṃ bhaṇante appaṭibāhitvā tuṇhī ahosi. Pañhaṃ avinicchinitvāva uṭṭhahiṃsu. Athācariyatthero nhānakoṭṭhakaṃ gacchanto ‘‘mayā missakamaggo kathito, cūḷanāgo pubbabhāgoti ādāya voharati, ko nu kho ettha nicchayo’’ti suttantaṃ ādito paṭṭhāya parivattento ‘‘yo hi koci, bhikkhave, ime cattāro satipaṭṭhāne evaṃ bhāveyya satta vassānī’’ti imasmiṃ ṭhāne sallakkhesi, lokuttaramaggo uppajjitvā satta vassāni tiṭṭhamāno nāma natthi, mayā vutto missakamaggo na labbhati, cūḷanāgena diṭṭho pubbabhāgamaggova labbhatīti ñatvā aṭṭhamiyaṃ dhammassavane saṅghuṭṭhe agamāsi.

Porāṇakattherā kira piyadhammassavanā honti. Saddaṃ sutvāva ‘‘ahaṃ paṭhamaṃ, ahaṃ paṭhama’’nti ekappahāreneva osaranti. Tasmiñca divase cūḷanāgattherassa vāro. Tena dhammāsane nisīditvā vījaniṃ gahetvā pubbagāthāsu vuttāsu therassa āsanapiṭṭhiyaṃ ṭhitassa etadahosi ‘‘raho nisīditvā na vakkhāmī’’ti. Porāṇakattherā hi anusūyakā honti, na attano rucimeva ucchubhāraṃ viya evaṃ ukkhipitvā vicaranti, kāraṇameva gaṇhanti, akāraṇaṃ vissajjenti. Tasmā thero ‘‘āvuso cūḷanāgā’’ti āha. So ācariyassa viya saddoti dhammaṃ ṭhapetvā ‘‘kiṃ bhante’’ti āha. Āvuso cūḷanāga mayā vutto missakamaggo na labbhati, tayā vutto pubbabhāgasatipaṭṭhānamaggova labbhatīti.

Thero cintesi ‘‘amhākaṃ ācariyo sabbapariyattiko tepiṭako sutabuddho, evarūpassapi nāma bhikkhuno ayaṃ pañho āluḷeti, anāgate mama bhātikā imaṃ pañhaṃ āluḷessantīti suttaṃ gahetvā imaṃ pañhaṃ niccalaṃ karissāmī’’ti paṭisambhidāmaggato ‘‘ekāyanamaggo vuccati pubbabhāgasatipaṭṭhānamaggo –

‘‘Maggānaṭṭhaṅgiko seṭṭho, saccānaṃ caturo padā;

Virāgo seṭṭho dhammānaṃ, dvipadānañca cakkhumā.

Eseva maggo natthañño, dassanassa visuddhiyā;

Etañhi tumhe paṭipajjatha, mārasenappamaddanaṃ;

Etañhi tumhe paṭipannā, dukkhassantaṃ karissathā’’ti. (dha. pa. 273-275) –

Suttaṃ āharitvā ṭhapesi.

Maggoti kenaṭṭhena maggo? Nibbānagamanaṭṭhena nibbānatthikehi magganiyaṭṭhena ca. Sattānaṃ visuddhiyāti rāgādīhi malehi abhijjhāvisamalobhādīhi ca upakkilesehi kiliṭṭhacittānaṃ sattānaṃ visuddhatthāya. Tathā hi imināva maggena ito satasahassakappādhikānaṃ catunnaṃ asaṅkhyeyyānaṃ upari ekasmiññeva kappe nibbatte taṇhaṅkaramedhaṅkarasaraṇaṅkaradīpaṅkaranāmake buddhe ādiṃ katvā sakyamunipariyosānā aneke sammāsambuddhā anekasatā paccekabuddhā gaṇanapathaṃ vītivattā ariyasāvakā cāti ime sattā sabbe cittamalaṃ pavāhetvā paramavisuddhiṃ pattā. Rūpamalavasena pana saṃkilesavodānapaññattiyeva natthi. Tathā hi –

Rūpena saṃkiliṭṭhena, saṃkilissanti māṇavā;

Rūpe suddhe visujjhanti, anakkhātaṃ mahesinā.

Cittena saṃkiliṭṭhena, saṃkilissanti māṇavā;

Citte suddhe visujjhanti, iti vuttaṃ mahesinā.

Yathāha ‘‘cittasaṃkilesā, bhikkhave, sattā saṃkilissanti, cittavodānā visujjhantī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 3.100). Tañca cittavodānaṃ iminā satipaṭṭhānamaggena hoti. Tenāha ‘‘sattānaṃ visuddhiyā’’ti.

Sokaparidevānaṃ samatikkamāyāti sokassa ca paridevassa ca samatikkamāya, pahānāyāti attho. Ayañhi maggo bhāvito santatimahāmattādīnaṃ viya sokasamatikkamāya, paṭācārādīnaṃ viya ca paridevasamatikkamāya ca saṃvattati. Tenāha ‘‘sokaparidevānaṃ samatikkamāyā’’ti. Kiñcāpi hi santatimahāmatto –

‘‘Yaṃ pubbe taṃ visodhehi, pacchā te māhu kiñcanaṃ;

Majjhe ce no gahessasi, upasanto carissasī’’ti. (su. ni. 955);

Imaṃ gāthaṃ sutvā saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ patto.

Paṭācārā –

‘‘Na santi puttā tāṇāya, na pitā nāpi bandhavā;

Antakenādhipannassa, natthi ñātīsu tāṇatā’’ti. (dha. pa. 288);

Imaṃ gāthaṃ sutvā sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhitā. Yasmā pana kāyavedanācittadhammesu kañci dhammaṃ anāmasitvā bhāvanā nāma natthi, tasmā tepi imināva maggena sokaparideve samatikkantāti veditabbā.

Dukkhadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamāyāti kāyikadukkhassa ca cetasikadomanassassa cāti imesaṃ dvinnaṃ atthaṅgamāya, nirodhāyāti attho. Ayañhi maggo bhāvito tissattherādīnaṃ viya dukkhassa, sakkādīnaṃ viya ca domanassassa atthaṅgamāya saṃvattati.

Tatrāyaṃ atthadīpanā – sāvatthiyaṃ kira tisso nāma kuṭumbikaputto cattālīsa hiraññakoṭiyo pahāya pabbajitvā agāmake araññe viharati. Tassa kaniṭṭhabhātubhariyā ‘‘gacchatha naṃ jīvitā voropethā’’ti pañcasate core pesesi. Te gantvā theraṃ parivāretvā nisīdiṃsu. Thero āha ‘‘kasmā āgatattha upāsakā’’ti? Taṃ jīvitā voropessāmāti. Pāṭibhogaṃ me upāsakā gahetvā ajjekarattiṃ jīvitaṃ dethāti. Ko te, samaṇa, imasmiṃ ṭhāne pāṭibhogo bhavissatīti? Thero mahantaṃ pāsāṇaṃ gahetvā dve ūruṭṭhīni bhinditvā ‘‘vaṭṭati upāsakā pāṭibhogo’’ti āha. Te apakkamitvā caṅkamanasīse aggiṃ katvā nipajjiṃsu. Therassa vedanaṃ vikkhambhetvā sīlaṃ paccavekkhato parisuddhaṃ sīlaṃ nissāya pītipāmojjaṃ uppajji. Tato anukkamena vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhento tiyāmarattiṃ samaṇadhammaṃ katvā aruṇuggamane arahattaṃ patto imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

‘‘Ubho pādāni bhinditvā, saññapessāmi vo ahaṃ;

Aṭṭiyāmi harāyāmi, sarāgamaraṇaṃ ahaṃ.

Evāhaṃ cintayitvāna, yathābhūtaṃ vipassisaṃ;

Sampatte aruṇuggamhi, arahattamapāpuṇi’’nti.

Aparepi tiṃsa bhikkhū bhagavato santike kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā araññavihāre vassaṃ upagantvā ‘‘āvuso, tiyāmarattiṃ samaṇadhammova kātabbo, na aññamaññassa santikaṃ āgantabba’’nti vatvā vihariṃsu. Tesaṃ samaṇadhammaṃ katvā paccūsasamaye pacalāyantānaṃ eko byaggho āgantvā ekekaṃ bhikkhuṃ gahetvā gacchati. Na koci ‘‘maṃ byaggho gaṇhī’’ti vācampi nicchāresi. Evaṃ pañcasu dasasu bhikkhūsu khāditesu uposathadivase ‘‘itare, āvuso, kuhi’’nti pucchitvā ñatvā ca ‘‘idāni gahitena, gahitomhīti vattabba’’nti vatvā vihariṃsu.

Atha aññataraṃ daharabhikkhuṃ purimanayeneva byaggho gaṇhi. So ‘‘byaggho, bhante’’ti āha. Bhikkhū kattaradaṇḍe ca ukkāyo ca gahetvā mocessāmāti anubandhiṃsu. Byaggho bhikkhūnaṃ agatiṃ chinnataṭaṭṭhānaṃ āruyha taṃ bhikkhuṃ pādaṅguṭṭhakato paṭṭhāya khādituṃ ārabhi. Itarepi ‘‘idāni, sappurisa, amhehi kattabbaṃ natthi, bhikkhūnaṃ viseso nāma evarūpe ṭhāne paññāyatī’’ti āhaṃsu. So byagghamukhe nipannova taṃ vedanaṃ vikkhambhetvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhento yāva gopphakā khāditasamaye sotāpanno hutvā, yāva jaṇṇukā khāditasamaye sakadāgāmī, yāva nābhiyā khāditasamaye anāgāmī hutvā, hadayarūpe akhāditeyeva saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ patvā imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

‘‘Sīlavā vatasampanno, paññavā susamāhito;

Muhuttaṃ pamādamanvāya, byagghenoruddhamānaso.

Pañjarasmiṃ gahetvāna, silāya uparīkato;

Kāmaṃ khādatu maṃ byaggho, bhakkho kāyo amittānaṃ;

Paṭiladdhe kammaṭṭhāne, maraṇaṃ hehiti bhaddaka’’nti.

Aparopi pītamallatthero nāma gihikāle tīsu rajjesu paṭākaṃ gahetvā tambapaṇṇidīpaṃ āgamma rājānaṃ disvā raññā katānuggaho ekadivasaṃ kilañjakāpaṇasāladvārena gacchanto ‘‘rūpaṃ, bhikkhave, na tumhākaṃ, taṃ pajahatha, taṃ vo pahīnaṃ dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāya bhavissatī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 3.33-34) natumhākavaggaṃ sutvā cintesi ‘‘neva kira rūpaṃ attano, na vedanā’’ti. So taṃyeva aṅkusaṃ katvā nikkhamitvā mahāvihāraṃ gantvā pabbajjaṃ yācitvā pabbajito upasampanno dvemātikā paguṇaṃ katvā tiṃsa bhikkhū gahetvā gabalavāliyaaṅgaṇaṃ gantvā samaṇadhammamakāsi. Pādesu avahantesu jaṇṇukehi caṅkamati. Tamenaṃ rattiṃ eko migaluddako migoti maññamāno sattiyā pahari. Satti vinivijjhitvā gatā. So taṃ sattiṃ harāpetvā pahāramukhāni tiṇavaṭṭiyā pūrāpetvā pāsāṇapiṭṭhiyaṃ attānaṃ nisīdāpetvā okāsaṃ kāretvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ patvā ukkāsitasaddena āgatānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ byākaritvā imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

‘‘Bhāsitaṃ buddhaseṭṭhassa, sabbalokaggavādino;

Na tumhākamidaṃ rūpaṃ, taṃ jaheyyātha bhikkhavo.

Aniccā vata saṅkhārā, uppādavayadhammino;

Uppajjitvā nirujjhanti, tesaṃ vūpasamo sukho’’ti.

Atha naṃ bhikkhū āhaṃsu ‘‘sace, bhante, sammāsambuddho arogo abhavissā, addhā te muddhamatthake hatthaṃ pasāretvā sīsaṃ parāmaseyyā’’ti. Ettāvatā ayaṃ maggo tissattherādīnaṃ viya dukkhassa atthaṅgamāya saṃvattati.

Sakko pana devānamindo attano pañcavidhaṃ pubbanimittaṃ disvā maraṇabhayasantajjito domanassajāto bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā pañhaṃ pucchi. So upekkhāpañhavissajjanāvasāne asītisahassāhi devatāhi saddhiṃ sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhāsi. Sā cassa upapatti puna pākatikāva ahosi.

Subrahmāpi devaputto accharāsahassaparivāro saggasampattiṃ anubhoti, tattha pañcasatā accharāyo rukkhato pupphāni ocinantiyo cavitvā niraye upapannā. So ‘‘kiṃ imā cirāyantī’’ti upadhārento tāsaṃ niraye nibbattabhāvaṃ disvā ‘‘kittakaṃ nu kho mama āyū’’ti upaparikkhanto attanopi āyuparikkhayaṃ viditvā tattheva niraye nibbattanabhāvaṃ disvā bhīto ativiya domanassajāto hutvā ‘‘imaṃ me domanassaṃ satthā vinayissati na añño’’ti avasesā pañcasatā accharāyo gahetvā bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā pañhaṃ pucchi –

‘‘Niccaṃ utrastamidaṃ cittaṃ, niccaṃ ubbiggidaṃ mano;

Anuppannesu kicchesu, atho uppatitesu ca;

Sace atthi anutrastaṃ, taṃ me akkhāhi pucchito’’ti. (saṃ. ni. 1.98);

Tato naṃ bhagavā āha –

‘‘Nāññatra bojjhā tapasā, nāññatrindriyasaṃvarā;

Nāññatra sabbanissaggā, sotthiṃ passāmi pāṇina’’nti. (saṃ. ni. 1.98);

So desanāpariyosāne pañcahi accharāsatehi saddhiṃ sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhāya taṃ sampattiṃ thāvaraṃ katvā devalokameva agamāsīti. Evamayaṃ maggo bhāvito sakkādīnaṃ viya domanassassa atthaṅgamāya saṃvattatīti veditabbo.

Ñāyassa adhigamāyāti ñāyo vuccati ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo, tassa adhigamāya, pattiyāti vuttaṃ hoti. Ayañhi pubbabhāge lokiyo satipaṭṭhānamaggo bhāvito lokuttarassa maggassa adhigamāya saṃvattati. Tenāha ‘‘ñāyassa adhigamāyā’’ti. Nibbānassa sacchikiriyāyāti taṇhāvānavirahitattā nibbānanti laddhanāmassa amatassa sacchikiriyāya, attapaccakkhatāyāti vuttaṃ hoti. Ayañhi maggo bhāvito anupubbena nibbānasacchikiriyaṃ sādheti. Tenāha ‘‘nibbānassa sacchikiriyāyā’’ti.

Tattha kiñcāpi ‘‘sattānaṃ visuddhiyā’’ti vutte sokasamatikkamādīni atthato siddhāneva honti, ṭhapetvā pana sāsanayuttikovide aññesaṃ na pākaṭāni, na ca bhagavā paṭhamaṃ sāsanayuttikovidaṃ janaṃ katvā pacchā dhammaṃ deseti. Tena teneva pana suttena taṃ taṃ atthaṃ ñāpeti. Tasmā idha yaṃ yaṃ atthaṃ ekāyanamaggo sādheti, taṃ taṃ pākaṭaṃ katvā dassento ‘‘sokaparidevānaṃ samatikkamāyā’’tiādimāha. Yasmā vā yā sattānaṃ visuddhi ekāyanamaggena saṃvattati, sā sokaparidevānaṃ samatikkamena hoti, sokaparidevānaṃ samatikkamo dukkhadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamena, dukkhadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamo ñāyassādhigamena, ñāyassādhigamo nibbānassa sacchikiriyāya. Tasmā imampi kamaṃ dassento ‘‘sattānaṃ visuddhiyā’’ti vatvā ‘‘sokaparidevānaṃ samatikkamāyā’’tiādimāha.

Apica vaṇṇabhaṇanametaṃ ekāyanamaggassa. Yatheva hi bhagavā ‘‘dhammaṃ vo, bhikkhave, desessāmi ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāsessāmi, yadidaṃ chachakkānī’’ti (ma. ni. 3.420) chachakkadesanāya aṭṭhahi padehi vaṇṇaṃ abhāsi, yathā ca ariyavaṃsadesanāya ‘‘cattārome, bhikkhave, ariyavaṃsā aggaññā rattaññā vaṃsaññā porāṇā asaṃkiṇṇā asaṃkiṇṇapubbā na saṃkīyanti, na saṃkīyissanti, appaṭikuṭṭhā samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhī’’ti (a. ni. 4.28) navahi padehi vaṇṇaṃ abhāsi, evaṃ imassapi ekāyanamaggassa sattānaṃ visuddhiyātiādīhi sattahi padehi vaṇṇaṃ abhāsi.

Kasmā iti ce? Tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ ussāhajananatthaṃ. Vaṇṇabhāsanañhi sutvā te bhikkhū ‘‘ayaṃ kira maggo hadayasantāpabhūtaṃ sokaṃ, vācāvippalāpabhūtaṃ paridevaṃ, kāyikaasātabhūtaṃ dukkhaṃ, cetasikaasātabhūtaṃ domanassanti cattāro upaddave hanati, visuddhiṃ ñāyaṃ nibbānanti tayo visese āvahatī’’ti ussāhajātā imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ uggahetabbaṃ pariyāpuṇitabbaṃ dhāretabbaṃ vācetabbaṃ, imañca maggaṃ bhāvetabbaṃ maññissanti. Iti tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ ussāhajananatthaṃ vaṇṇaṃ abhāsi, kambalavāṇijādayo kambalādīnaṃ vaṇṇaṃ viya.

Yathā hi satasahassagghanikapaṇḍukambalavāṇijena kambalaṃ gaṇhathāti ugghositepi asukakambaloti na tāva manussā jānanti. Kesakambalavālakambalādayopi hi duggandhā kharasamphassā kambalātveva vuccanti. Yadā pana tena gandhārako rattakambalo sukhumo ujjalo sukhasamphassoti ugghositaṃ hoti, tadā ye pahonti, te gaṇhanti. Ye na pahonti, tepi dassanakāmā honti, evamevaṃ ‘‘ekāyano ayaṃ, bhikkhave, maggo’’ti vuttepi asukamaggoti na tāva pākaṭo hoti. Nānappakārakā hi aniyyānamaggāpi maggātveva vuccanti. ‘‘Sattānaṃ visuddhiyā’’tiādimhi pana vutte ‘‘ayaṃ kira maggo cattāro upaddave hanati, tayo visese āvahatī’’ti ussāhajātā imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ uggahetabbaṃ pariyāpuṇitabbaṃ dhāretabbaṃ vācetabbaṃ, imañca maggaṃ bhāvetabbaṃ maññissantīti vaṇṇaṃ bhāsanto ‘‘sattānaṃ visuddhiyā’’tiādimāha. Yathā ca satasahassagghanikapaṇḍukambalavāṇijopamā, evaṃ rattajambunadasuvaṇṇaudakappasādakamaṇiratanasuvisuddhamuttāratanadhotapavāḷādivāṇijūpamādayopettha āharitabbā.

Yadidanti nipāto, ye imeti ayamassa attho. Cattāroti gaṇanaparicchedo, tena na tato heṭṭhā na uddhanti satipaṭṭhānaparicchedaṃ dīpeti. Satipaṭṭhānāti tayo satipaṭṭhānā satigocaropi, tidhā paṭipannesu sāvakesu satthuno paṭighānunayavītivattatāpi, satipi. ‘‘Catunnaṃ, bhikkhave, satipaṭṭhānānaṃ samudayañca atthaṅgamañca desessāmi, taṃ suṇātha…pe…. Ko ca, bhikkhave, kāyassa samudayo? Āhārasamudayā kāyasamudayo’’tiādīsu (saṃ. ni. 3.408) hi satigocaro satipaṭṭhānanti vuccati. Tathā ‘‘kāyo paṭṭhānaṃ, no sati. Sati paṭṭhānañceva sati cā’’tiādīsupi (paṭi. ma. 3.35). Tassattho – patiṭṭhāti asminti paṭṭhānaṃ. Kā patiṭṭhāti? Sati. Satiyā paṭṭhānaṃ satipaṭṭhānaṃ. Padhānaṭṭhānanti vā paṭṭhānaṃ. Satiyā paṭṭhānaṃ satipaṭṭhānaṃ, hatthiṭṭhānaassaṭṭhānādīni viya. ‘‘Tayo satipaṭṭhānā, yadariyo sevati, yadariyo sevamāno satthā gaṇamanusāsitumarahatī’’ti (ma. ni. 3.311) etthāpi tidhā paṭipannesu sāvakesu satthuno paṭighānunayavītivattatā ‘‘satipaṭṭhāna’’nti vuttā. Tassattho – paṭṭhapetabbato paṭṭhānaṃ, pavattayitabbatoti attho. Kena paṭṭhapetabbatoti? Satiyā. Satiyā paṭṭhānaṃ satipaṭṭhānanti. ‘‘Cattāro satipaṭṭhānā bhāvitā bahulīkatā satta bojjhaṅge paripūrentī’’tiādīsu (saṃ. ni. 5.989) pana satiyeva ‘‘satipaṭṭhāna’’nti vuccati. Tassattho – patiṭṭhātīti paṭṭhānaṃ, upaṭṭhāti okkantitvā pakkhanditvā pavattatīti attho. Satiyeva paṭṭhānaṃ satipaṭṭhānaṃ. Atha vā saraṇaṭṭhena sati, upaṭṭhānaṭṭhena paṭṭhānaṃ. Iti sati ca sā paṭṭhānañcātipi satipaṭṭhānaṃ. Idamidha adhippetaṃ.

Yadi evaṃ, kasmā ‘‘satipaṭṭhānā’’ti bahuvacanaṃ? Satibahuttā. Ārammaṇabhedena hi bahukā etā satiyo. Atha maggoti kasmā ekavacanaṃ? Maggaṭṭhena ekattā. Catassopi hi etā satiyo maggaṭṭhena ekattaṃ gacchanti. Vuttañhetaṃ ‘‘maggoti kenaṭṭhena maggo? Nibbānagamanaṭṭhena, nibbānatthikehi magganīyaṭṭhena cā’’ti. Catassopi cetā aparabhāge kāyādīsu ārammaṇesu kiccaṃ sādhayamānā nibbānaṃ gacchanti. Ādito paṭṭhāya ca nibbānatthikehi maggīyanti, tasmā catassopi eko maggoti vuccanti. Evañca sati vacanānusandhinā sānusandhikāva desanā hoti, ‘‘mārasenappamaddanaṃ vo, bhikkhave, maggaṃ desessāmi, taṃ suṇātha…pe… katamo ca, bhikkhave, mārasenappamaddano maggo? Yadidaṃ sattabojjhaṅgā’’tiādīsu (saṃ. ni. 5.224) viya hi yathā mārasenappamaddanoti ca sattabojjhaṅgāti ca atthato ekaṃ, byañjanamevettha nānaṃ. Evaṃ ekāyanamaggoti ca cattāro satipaṭṭhānāti ca atthato ekaṃ, byañjanamevettha nānaṃ. Tasmā maggaṭṭhena ekattā ekavacanaṃ, ārammaṇabhedena satibahuttā bahuvacanaṃ veditabbaṃ.

Kasmā pana bhagavatā cattārova satipaṭṭhānā vuttā anūnā anadhikāti? Veneyyahitattā. Taṇhācaritadiṭṭhicaritasamathayānikavipassanāyānikesu hi mandatikkhavasena dvedhā dvedhā pavattesu veneyyesu mandassa taṇhācaritassa oḷārikaṃ kāyānupassanāsatipaṭṭhānaṃ visuddhimaggo, tikkhassa sukhumaṃ vedanānupassanaṃ satipaṭṭhānaṃ. Diṭṭhicaritassāpi mandassa nātippabhedagataṃ cittānupassanāsatipaṭṭhānaṃ visuddhimaggo, tikkhassa atippabhedagataṃ dhammānupassanāsatipaṭṭhānaṃ. Samathayānikassa ca mandassa akicchena adhigantabbanimittaṃ paṭhamaṃ satipaṭṭhānaṃ visuddhimaggo, tikkhassa oḷārikārammaṇe asaṇṭhahanato dutiyaṃ. Vipassanāyānikassapi mandassa nātippabhedagatārammaṇaṃ tatiyaṃ, tikkhassa atippabhedagatārammaṇaṃ catutthaṃ. Iti cattārova vuttā anūnā anadhikāti.

Subhasukhaniccaattabhāvavipallāsapahānatthaṃ vā. Kāyo hi asubho, tattha ca subhavipallāsavipallatthā sattā, tesaṃ tattha asubhabhāvadassanena tassa vipallāsassa pahānatthaṃ paṭhamaṃ satipaṭṭhānaṃ vuttaṃ. Sukhaṃ niccaṃ attāti gahitesupi ca vedanādīsu vedanā dukkhā, cittaṃ aniccaṃ, dhammā anattā, tesu ca sukhaniccaattavipallāsavipallatthā sattā, tesaṃ tattha dukkhādibhāvadassanena tesaṃ vipallāsānaṃ pahānatthaṃ sesāni tīṇi vuttānīti evaṃ subhasukhaniccaattabhāvavipallāsapahānatthaṃ vā cattārova vuttā anūnā anadhikāti veditabbā.

Na kevalañca vipallāsapahānatthameva, atha kho caturoghayogāsavaganthaupādānaagatipahānatthampi catubbidhāhārapariññatthañca cattārova vuttāti veditabbā. Ayaṃ tāva pakaraṇanayo.

Aṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana saraṇavasena ceva ekattasamosaraṇavasena ca ekameva satipaṭṭhānaṃ ārammaṇavasena cattāroti etadeva vuttaṃ. Yathā hi catudvāre nagare pācīnato āgacchantā pācīnadisāya uṭṭhānakaṃ bhaṇḍaṃ gahetvā pācīnadvārena nagarameva pavisanti, dakkhiṇato pacchimato uttarato āgacchantā uttaradisāya uṭṭhānakaṃ bhaṇḍaṃ gahetvā uttaradvārena nagarameva pavisanti, evaṃsampadamidaṃ veditabbaṃ. Nagaraṃ viya hi nibbānamahānagaraṃ. Dvāraṃ viya aṭṭhaṅgiko lokuttaramaggo. Pācīnadisādayo viya kāyādayo.

Yathā pācīnato āgacchantā pācīnadisāya uṭṭhānakaṃ bhaṇḍaṃ gahetvā pācīnadvārena nagarameva pavisanti, evaṃ kāyānupassanāmukhena āgacchantā cuddasavidhena kāyānupassanaṃ bhāvetvā kāyānupassanābhāvanānubhāvanibbattena ariyamaggena ekaṃ nibbānameva osaranti.

Yathā dakkhiṇato āgacchantā dakkhiṇadisāya uṭṭhānakaṃ bhaṇḍaṃ gahetvā dakkhiṇadvārena nagarameva pavisanti, evaṃ vedanānupassanāmukhena āgacchantā navavidhena vedanānupassanaṃ bhāvetvā vedanānupassanābhāvanānubhāvanibbattena ariyamaggena ekaṃ nibbānameva osaranti.

Yathā pacchimato āgacchantā pacchimadisāya uṭṭhānakaṃ bhaṇḍaṃ gahetvā pacchimadvārena nagarameva pavisanti, evaṃ cittānupassanāmukhena āgacchantā soḷasavidhena cittānupassanaṃ bhāvetvā cittānupassanābhāvanānubhāvanibbattena ariyamaggena ekaṃ nibbānameva osaranti.

Yathā uttarato āgacchantā uttaradisāya uṭṭhānakaṃ bhaṇḍaṃ gahetvā uttaradvārena nagarameva pavisanti, evaṃ dhammānupassanāmukhena āgacchantā pañcavidhena dhammānupassanaṃ bhāvetvā dhammānupassanābhāvanānubhāvanibbattena ariyamaggena ekaṃ nibbānameva osaranti.

Evaṃ saraṇavasena ceva ekattasamosaraṇavasena ca ekameva satipaṭṭhānaṃ ārammaṇavasena cattārova vuttāti veditabbā.

Katame cattāroti kathetukamyatā pucchā. Idhāti imasmiṃ sāsane. Bhikkhaveti dhammapaṭiggāhakapuggalālapanametaṃ. Bhikkhūti paṭipattisampādakapuggalanidassanametaṃ. Aññepi ca devamanussā paṭipattiṃ sampādentiyeva, seṭṭhattā pana paṭipattiyā bhikkhubhāvadassanato ca, ‘‘bhikkhū’’ti āha. Bhagavato hi anusāsaniṃ sampaṭicchantesu bhikkhu seṭṭho, sabbappakārāya anusāsaniyā bhājanabhāvato, tasmā seṭṭhattā ‘‘bhikkhū’’ti āha. Tasmiṃ gahite pana sesā gahitāva honti rājagamanādīsu rājaggahaṇena sesaparisā viya. Yo ca imaṃ paṭipattiṃ paṭipajjati, so bhikkhu nāma hotīti paṭipattiyā bhikkhubhāvadassanatopi ‘‘bhikkhū’’ti āha. Paṭipannako hi devo vā hotu manusso vā, ‘‘bhikkhū’’ti saṅkhaṃ gacchatiyeva. Yathāha –

‘‘Alaṅkato cepi samaṃ careyya,

Santo danto niyato brahmacārī;

Sabbesu bhūtesu nidhāya daṇḍaṃ,

So brāhmaṇo so samaṇo sa bhikkhū’’ti. (dha. pa. 142);

Kāyeti rūpakāye. Rūpakāyo hi idha aṅgapaccaṅgānaṃ kesādīnañca dhammānaṃ samūhaṭṭhena hatthikāyarathakāyādayo viya kāyoti adhippeto. Yathā ca samūhaṭṭhena, evaṃ kucchitānaṃ āyaṭṭhena. Kucchitānañhi paramajegucchānaṃ so āyotipi kāyo. Āyoti uppattideso. Tatrāyaṃ vacanattho, āyanti tatoti āyo. Ke āyanti? Kucchitā kesādayo. Iti kucchitānaṃ āyoti kāyo. Kāyānupassīti kāyamanupassanasīlo, kāyaṃ vā anupassamāno.

‘‘Kāye’’ti ca vatvāpi puna ‘‘kāyānupassī’’ti dutiyaṃ kāyaggahaṇaṃ asammissato vavatthānaghanavinibbhogādidassanatthaṃ katanti veditabbaṃ. Tena na kāye vedanānupassī vā, cittadhammānupassī vā, atha kho kāyānupassīyevāti kāyasaṅkhāte vatthusmiṃ kāyānupassanākārasseva dassanena asammissato vavatthānaṃ dassitaṃ hoti. Tathā na kāye aṅgapaccaṅgavimuttaekadhammānupassī, nāpi kesalomādivinimuttaitthipurisānupassī. Yopi cettha kesalomādiko bhūtupādāyasamūhasaṅkhāto kāyo, tatthapi na bhūtupādāyavinimuttaekadhammānupassī, atha kho rathasambhārānupassako viya aṅgapaccaṅgasamūhānupassī, nagarāvayavānupassako viya kesalomādisamūhānupassī, kadalikkhandhapattavaṭṭivinibbhujanako viya rittamuṭṭhiviniveṭhako viya ca bhūtupādāyasamūhānupassīyevāti nānappakārato samūhavaseneva kāyasaṅkhātassa vatthuno dassanena ghanavinibbhogo dassito hoti. Na hettha yathāvuttasamūhavinimutto kāyo vā itthī vā puriso vā añño vā koci dhammo dissati, yathāvuttadhammasamūhamatteyeva pana tathā tathā sattā micchābhinivesaṃ karonti. Tenāhu porāṇā –

‘‘Yaṃ passati na taṃ diṭṭhaṃ, yaṃ diṭṭhaṃ taṃ na passati;

Apassaṃ bajjhate mūḷho, bajjhamāno na muccatī’’ti. –

Ghanavinibbhogādidassanatthanti vuttaṃ. Ādisaddena cettha ayampi attho veditabbo – ayañhi ekasmiṃ kāye kāyānupassīyeva, na aññadhammānupassī. Kiṃ vuttaṃ hoti? Yathā anudakabhūtāyapi marīciyā udakānupassino honti, na evaṃ aniccadukkhānattaasubhabhūteyeva imasmiṃ kāye niccasukhaattasubhabhāvānupassī, atha kho kāyānupassī aniccadukkhānattaasubhākārasamūhānupassīyevāti. Atha vā yvāyaṃ parato ‘‘idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu araññagato vā…pe… so satova assasatī’’tiādinā nayena assāsapassāsādicuṇṇikajātaaṭṭhikapariyosāno kāyo vutto, yo ca ‘‘idhekacco pathavikāyaṃ aniccato anupassati āpokāyaṃ tejokāyaṃ vāyokāyaṃ kesakāyaṃ lomakāyaṃ chavikāyaṃ cammakāyaṃ maṃsakāyaṃ ruhirakāyaṃ nahārukāyaṃ aṭṭhikāyaṃ aṭṭhimiñjakāya’’nti paṭisambhidāyaṃ (paṭi. ma. 3.35) kāyo vutto, tassa sabbassa imasmiṃyeva kāye anupassanato ‘‘kāye kāyānupassī’’ti evampi attho daṭṭhabbo.

Atha vā kāye ahanti vā mamanti vā evaṃ gahetabbassa yassa kassaci ananupassanato tassa tasseva pana kesālomādikassa nānādhammasamūhassa anupassanato kāye kesādidhammasamūhasaṅkhātakāyānupassīti evamattho daṭṭhabbo. Apica ‘‘imasmiṃ kāye aniccato anupassati, no niccato’’tiādinā nayena paṭisambhidāyaṃ āgatanayassa sabbasseva aniccalakkhaṇādino ākārasamūhasaṅkhātassa kāyassānupassanatopi ‘‘kāye kāyānupassī’’ti evampi attho daṭṭhabbo.

Tathā hi ayaṃ kāye kāyānupassanāpaṭipadaṃ paṭipanno bhikkhu imaṃ kāyaṃ aniccānupassanādīnaṃ sattannaṃ anupassanānaṃ vasena aniccato anupassati, no niccato. Dukkhato anupassati, no sukhato. Anattato anupassati, no attato. Nibbindati, no nandati. Virajjati, no rajjati. Nirodheti, no samudeti. Paṭinissajjati, no ādiyati. So taṃ aniccato anupassanto niccasaññaṃ pajahati, dukkhato anupassanto sukhasaññaṃ pajahati, anattato anupassanto attasaññaṃ pajahati, nibbindanto nandiṃ pajahati, virajjanto rāgaṃ pajahati, nirodhento samudayaṃ pajahati, paṭinissajjanto ādānaṃ pajahatīti veditabbo.

Viharatīti iriyati. Ātāpīti tīsu bhavesu kilese ātāpetīti ātāpo, vīriyassetaṃ nāmaṃ. Ātāpo assa atthīti ātāpī. Sampajānoti sampajaññasaṅkhātena ñāṇena samannāgato. Satimāti kāyapariggāhikāya satiyā samannāgato. Ayaṃ pana yasmā satiyā ārammaṇaṃ pariggahetvā paññāya anupassati, na hi sativirahitassa anupassanā nāma atthi. Tenevāha ‘‘satiñca khvāhaṃ, bhikkhave, sabbatthikaṃ vadāmī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.234). Tasmā ettha ‘‘kāye kāyānupassī viharatī’’ti ettāvatā kāyānupassanāsatipaṭṭhānakammaṭṭhānaṃ vuttaṃ hoti. Atha vā yasmā anātāpino antosaṅkhepo antarāyakaro hoti, asampajāno upāyapariggahe anupāyaparivajjane ca sammuyhati, muṭṭhassati upāyāpariccāge anupāyāpariggahe ca asamattho hoti, tenassa taṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ na sampajjati, tasmā yesaṃ dhammānaṃ ānubhāvena taṃ sampajjati. Tesaṃ dassanatthaṃ ‘‘ātāpī sampajāno satimāti idaṃ vutta’’nti veditabbaṃ.

Iti kāyānupassanāsatipaṭṭhānaṃ sampayogaṅgañcassa dassetvā idāni pahānaṅgaṃ dassetuṃ vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassanti vuttaṃ. Tattha vineyyāti tadaṅgavinayena vā vikkhambhanavinayena vā vinayitvā. Loketi tasmiṃyeva kāye. Kāyo hi idha lujjanapalujjanaṭṭhena lokoti adhippeto. Yasmā panassa na kāyamatteyeva abhijjhādomanassaṃ pahīyati, vedanādīsupi pahīyatiyeva, tasmā ‘‘pañcapi upādānakkhandhā loko’’ti vibhaṅge (vibha. 362) vuttaṃ. Lokasaṅkhātattā vā tesaṃ dhammānaṃ atthuddhāranayenetaṃ vuttaṃ. Yaṃ panāha ‘‘tattha katamo loko? Sveva kāyo loko’’ti. Ayamevettha attho, tasmiṃ loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ vineyyāti evaṃ sambandho daṭṭhabbo. Yasmā panettha abhijjhāgahaṇena kāmacchando, domanassaggahaṇena byāpādo saṅgahaṃ gacchati, tasmā nīvaraṇapariyāpannabalavadhammadvayadassanena nīvaraṇappahānaṃ vuttaṃ hotīti veditabbaṃ.

Visesena cettha abhijjhāvinayena kāyasampattimūlakassa anurodhassa, domanassavinayena pana kāyavipattimūlakassa virodhassa, abhijjhāvinayena ca kāye abhiratiyā, domanassavinayena kāyabhāvanāya anabhiratiyā, abhijjhāvinayena kāye abhūtānaṃ subhasukhabhāvādīnaṃ pakkhepassa, domanassavinayena ca kāye bhūtānaṃ asubhāsukhabhāvādīnaṃ apanayanassa ca pahānaṃ vuttaṃ. Tena yogāvacarassa yogānubhāvo yogasamatthatā ca dīpitā hoti. Yogānubhāvo hi esa, yadidaṃ anurodhavirodhavippamutto aratiratisaho abhūtapakkhepabhūtāpanayanavirahito ca hoti. Anurodhavirodhavippamutto cesa aratiratisaho abhūtaṃ apakkhipanto bhūtañca anapanento yogasamattho hotīti.

Aparo nayo ‘‘kāye kāyānupassī’’ti ettha anupassanāya kammaṭṭhānaṃ vuttaṃ. ‘‘Viharatī’’ti ettha vuttavihārena kammaṭṭhānikassa kāyapariharaṇaṃ. ‘‘Ātāpī’’tiādīsu ātāpena sammappadhānaṃ, satisampajaññena sabbatthikakammaṭṭhānaṃ, kammaṭṭhānapariharaṇūpāyo vā, satiyā vā kāyānupassanāvasena paṭiladdhasamatho, sampajaññena vipassanā, abhijjhādomanassavinayena bhāvanāphalaṃ vuttanti veditabbaṃ.

Vibhaṅge pana ‘‘anupassī’’ti tattha katamā anupassanā? Yā paññā pajānanā…pe… sammādiṭṭhi. Ayaṃ vuccati anupassanā. Imāya anupassanāya upeto hoti samupeto upāgato samupāgato upapanno sampanno samannāgato. Tena vuccati anupassīti.

Viharatīti iriyati vattati pāleti yapeti yāpeti carati viharati. Tena vuccati viharatīti.

Ātāpīti tattha katamo ātāpo? Yo cetasiko vīriyārambho…pe… sammāvāyāmo. Ayaṃ vuccati ātāpo. Iminā ātāpena upeto hoti…pe… samannāgato. Tena vuccati ātāpīti.

Sampajānoti tattha katamaṃ sampajaññaṃ? Yā paññā pajānanā…pe… sammādiṭṭhi. Idaṃ vuccati sampajaññaṃ. Iminā sampajaññena upeto hoti…pe… samannāgato. Tena vuccati sampajānoti.

Satimāti tattha katamā sati? Yā sati anussati…pe… sammāsati. Ayaṃ vuccati sati. Imāya satiyā upeto hoti…pe… samannāgato. Tena vuccati satimāti.

Vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassanti tattha katamo loko? Sveva kāyo loko, pañcapi upādānakkhandhā loko. Ayaṃ vuccati loko. Tattha katamā abhijjhā? Yo rāgo sārāgo anunayo anurodho nandī nandīrāgo cittassa sārāgo, ayaṃ vuccati abhijjhā. Tattha katamaṃ domanassaṃ? Yaṃ cetasikaṃ asātaṃ, cetasikaṃ dukkhaṃ, cetosamphassajaṃ asātaṃ…pe… dukkhā vedanā. Idaṃ vuccati domanassaṃ. Iti ayañca abhijjhā idañca domanassaṃ imamhi loke vinītā honti paṭivinītā santā vūpasantā samitā vūpasamitā atthaṅgatā abbhatthaṅgatā appitā byappitā sositā visositā byantīkatā, tena vuccati vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassanti (vibha. 356) evametesaṃ padānamattho vutto. Tena saha ayaṃ aṭṭhakathānayo yathā saṃsandati, evaṃ veditabbo. Ayaṃ tāva kāyānupassanāsatipaṭṭhānuddesassa atthavaṇṇanā.

Vedanāsu… citte… dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati…pe… vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassanti ettha pana vedanānupassīti evamādīsu vedanādīnaṃ puna vacane payojanaṃ kāyānupassanāyaṃ vuttanayeneva veditabbaṃ. Vedanāsu vedanānupassī, citte cittānupassī, dhammesu dhammānupassīti ettha pana vedanāti tisso vedanā, tā ca lokiyā eva. Cittampi lokiyaṃ, tathā dhammā. Tesaṃ vibhāgo niddesavāre pākaṭo bhavissati. Kevalaṃ panidha yathā vedanā anupassitabbā, tathā anupassanto vedanāsu vedanānupassīti veditabbo. Esa nayo cittadhammesupi. Kathañca vedanā anupassitabbāti? Sukhā tāva vedanā dukkhato, dukkhā sallato, adukkhamasukhā aniccato. Yathāha –

‘‘Yo sukhaṃ dukkhato adda, dukkhamaddakkhi sallato;

Adukkhamasukhaṃ santaṃ, adakkhi naṃ aniccato;

Sa ve sammaddaso bhikkhu, upasanto carissatī’’ti. (saṃ. ni. 4.253);

Sabbā eva cetā dukkhātipi anupassitabbā. Vuttañhetaṃ ‘‘yaṃkiñci vedayitaṃ, sabbaṃ taṃ dukkhasminti vadāmī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 4.259). Sukhadukkhatopi ca anupassitabbā. Yathāha ‘‘sukhā vedanā ṭhitisukhā vipariṇāmadukkhā’’ti (ma. ni. 1.464) sabbaṃ vitthāretabbaṃ. Apica aniccādisattānupassanāvasenapi anupassitabbā. Sesaṃ niddesavāreyeva pākaṭaṃ bhavissati. Cittadhammesupi cittaṃ tāva ārammaṇādhipatisahajātabhūmikammavipākakiriyādinānattabhedānaṃ aniccādisattānupassanānaṃ niddesavāre āgatasarāgādibhedānañca vasena anupassitabbaṃ. Dhammā salakkhaṇasāmaññalakkhaṇānaṃ suññatadhammassa aniccādisattānupassanānaṃ niddesavāre āgatasantāsantādibhedānañca vasena anupassitabbā. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva. Kāmañcettha yassa kāyasaṅkhāte loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ pahīnaṃ, tassa vedanādilokesupi taṃ pahīnameva. Nānāpuggalavasena pana nānācittakkhaṇikasatipaṭṭhānabhāvanāvasena ca sabbattha vuttaṃ. Yato vā ekattha pahīnaṃ sesesupi pahīnaṃ hoti. Tenevassa tattha pahānadassanatthampi evaṃ vuttanti veditabbanti.

Uddesavārakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Kāyānupassanāānāpānapabbavaṇṇanā

107. Idāni seyyathāpi nāma cheko vilīvakārako thūlakilañjasaṇhakilañjacaṅkoṭakapeḷāpuṭādīni upakaraṇāni kattukāmo ekaṃ mahāveṇuṃ labhitvā catudhā bhinditvā tato ekekaṃ veṇukhaṇḍaṃ gahetvā phāletvā taṃ taṃ upakaraṇaṃ kareyya, evameva bhagavā satipaṭṭhānadesanāya sattānaṃ anekappakāravisesādhigamaṃ kattukāmo ekameva sammāsatiṃ ‘‘cattāro satipaṭṭhānā. Katame cattāro? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharatī’’tiādinā nayena ārammaṇavasena catudhā bhinditvā tato ekekaṃ satipaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā vibhajanto ‘‘kathañca bhikkhave’’tiādinā nayena niddesavāraṃ vattumāraddho.

Tattha kathañcātiādi vitthāretukamyatā pucchā. Ayaṃ panettha saṅkhepattho – bhikkhave, kena ca pakārena bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharatīti? Esa nayo sabbapucchāvāresu. Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhūti, bhikkhave, imasmiṃ sāsane bhikkhu. Ayañhettha idha-saddo sabbappakārakāyānupassanānibbattakassa puggalassa sannissayabhūtasāsanaparidīpano aññasāsanassa tathābhāvapaṭisedhano ca. Vuttañhetaṃ ‘‘idheva, bhikkhave, samaṇo…pe… suññā parappavādā samaṇebhi aññehī’’ti (ma. ni. 1.139). Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘imasmiṃ sāsane bhikkhū’’ti.

‘‘Araññagato vā…pe… suññāgāragato vā’’ti idamassa satipaṭṭhānabhāvanānurūpasenāsanapariggahaparidīpanaṃ. Imassa hi bhikkhuno dīgharattaṃ rūpādīsu ārammaṇesu anuvisaṭaṃ cittaṃ kammaṭṭhānavīthiṃ otarituṃ na icchati, kūṭagoṇayuttaratho viya uppathameva dhāvati, tasmā seyyathāpi nāma gopo kūṭadhenuyā sabbaṃ khīraṃ pivitvā vaḍḍhitaṃ kūṭavacchaṃ dametukāmo dhenuto apanetvā ekamante mahantaṃ thambhaṃ nikhaṇitvā tattha yottena bandheyya. Athassa so vaccho ito cito ca vipphanditvā palāyituṃ asakkonto tameva thambhaṃ upanisīdeyya vā upanipajjeyya vā, evameva imināpi bhikkhunā dīgharattaṃ rūpārammaṇādirasapānavaḍḍhitaṃ duṭṭhacittaṃ dametukāmena rūpādiārammaṇato apanetvā araññaṃ vā rukkhamūlaṃ vā suññāgāraṃ vā pavesetvā tattha satipaṭṭhānārammaṇatthambhe satiyottena bandhitabbaṃ. Evamassa taṃ cittaṃ ito cito ca vipphanditvāpi pubbe āciṇṇārammaṇaṃ alabhamānaṃ satiyottaṃ chinditvā palāyituṃ asakkontaṃ tamevārammaṇaṃ upacārappanāvasena upanisīdati ceva upanipajjati ca. Tenāhu porāṇā –

‘‘Yathā thambhe nibandheyya, vacchaṃ damaṃ naro idha;

Bandheyyevaṃ sakaṃ cittaṃ, satiyārammaṇe daḷha’’nti.

Evamassa taṃ senāsanaṃ bhāvanānurūpaṃ hoti. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘idamassa satipaṭṭhānabhāvanānurūpasenāsanapariggahaparidīpana’’nti.

Apica yasmā idaṃ kāyānupassanāya muddhabhūtaṃ sabbabuddhapaccekabuddhabuddhasāvakānaṃ visesādhigamadiṭṭhadhammasukhavihārapadaṭṭhānaṃ ānāpānassatikammaṭṭhānaṃ itthipurisahatthiassādisaddasamākulaṃ gāmantaṃ apariccajitvā na sukaraṃ sampādetuṃ, saddakaṇṭakattā jhānassa. Agāmake pana araññe sukaraṃ yogāvacarena idaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ pariggahetvā ānāpānacatutthajjhānaṃ nibbattetvā tadeva jhānaṃ pādakaṃ katvā saṅkhāre sammasitvā aggaphalaṃ arahattaṃ pāpuṇituṃ. Tasmāssa anurūpasenāsanaṃ dassento bhagavā ‘‘araññagato vā’’tiādimāha.

Vatthuvijjācariyo viya hi bhagavā. So yathā vatthuvijjācariyo nagarabhūmiṃ passitvā suṭṭhu upaparikkhitvā ‘‘ettha nagaraṃ māpethā’’ti upadisati, sotthinā ca nagare niṭṭhite rājakulato mahāsakkāraṃ labhati, evameva yogāvacarassa anurūpaṃ senāsanaṃ upaparikkhitvā ‘‘ettha kammaṭṭhānaṃ anuyuñjitabba’’nti upadisati. Tato tattha kammaṭṭhānaṃ anuyuñjantena yoginā anukkamena arahatte patte ‘‘sammāsambuddho vata so bhagavā’’ti mahantaṃ sakkāraṃ labhati.

Ayaṃ pana bhikkhu dīpisadisoti vuccati. Yathā hi mahādīpirājā araññe tiṇagahanaṃ vā vanagahanaṃ vā pabbatagahanaṃ vā nissāya nilīyitvā vanamahiṃsagokaṇṇasūkarādayo mige gaṇhāti, evameva ayaṃ araññādīsu kammaṭṭhānaṃ anuyuñjanto bhikkhu yathākkamena cattāro magge ceva cattāri ariyaphalāni ca gaṇhāti. Tenāhu porāṇā –

‘‘Yathāpi dīpiko nāma, nilīyitvā gaṇhatī mige;

Tathevāyaṃ buddhaputto, yuttayogo vipassako;

Araññaṃ pavisitvāna, gaṇhāti phalamuttama’’nti.

Tenassa parakkamajavayoggabhūmiṃ araññasenāsanaṃ dassento bhagavā ‘‘araññagato vā’’tiādimāha. Ito paraṃ imasmiṃ tāva ānāpānapabbe yaṃ vattabbaṃ siyā, taṃ visuddhimagge vuttameva.

Tassa pana imesaṃ ‘‘dīghaṃ vā assasanto dīghaṃ assasāmīti pajānāti…pe… passambhayaṃ kāyasaṅkhāraṃ passasissāmīti sikkhatī’’ti evaṃ vuttānaṃ assāsapassāsānaṃ vasena sikkhato assāsapassāsanimitte cattāri jhānāni uppajjanti. So jhānā vuṭṭhahitvā assāsapassāse vā pariggaṇhāti jhānaṅgāni vā. Tattha assāsapassāsakammiko ‘‘ime assāsapassāsā kiṃ nissitā, vatthuṃ nissitā, vatthu nāma karajakāyo, karajakāyo nāma cattāri mahābhūtāni upādārūpañcā’’ti evaṃ rūpaṃ pariggaṇhāti, tato tadārammaṇe phassapañcamake nāmanti evaṃ nāmarūpaṃ pariggahetvā tassa paccayaṃ pariyesanto avijjādipaṭiccasamuppādaṃ disvā ‘‘paccayapaccayuppannadhammamattamevetaṃ, añño satto vā puggalo vā natthī’’ti vitiṇṇakaṅkho sappaccayanāmarūpe tilakkhaṇaṃ āropetvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhento anukkamena arahattaṃ pāpuṇāti. Idaṃ ekassa bhikkhuno yāva arahattā niyyānamukhaṃ.

Jhānakammikopi ‘‘imāni jhānaṅgāni kiṃ nissitāni, vatthuṃ nissitāni. Vatthu nāma karajakāyoti jhānaṅgāni nāmaṃ, karajakāyo rūpa’’nti nāmarūpaṃ vavatthapetvā tassa paccayaṃ pariyesanto avijjādipaccayākāraṃ disvā ‘‘paccayapaccayuppannadhammamattamevetaṃ, añño satto vā puggalo vā natthī’’ti vitiṇṇakaṅkho sappaccayanāmarūpe tilakkhaṇaṃ āropetvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhento anukkamena arahattaṃ pāpuṇāti, idaṃ ekassa bhikkhuno yāva arahattā niyyānamukhaṃ.

Iti ajjhattaṃ vāti evaṃ attano vā assāsapassāsakāye kāyānupassī viharati. Bahiddhā vāti parassa vā assāsapassāsakāye. Ajjhattabahiddhā vāti kālena attano, kālena parassa assāsapassāsakāye. Etenassa paguṇakammaṭṭhānaṃ aṭṭhapetvā aparāparaṃ sañcaraṇakālo kathito. Ekasmiṃ kāle panidaṃ ubhayaṃ na labbhati.

Samudayadhammānupassī vāti yathā nāma kammārabhastañca gaggaranāḷiñca tajjañca vāyāmaṃ paṭicca vāto aparāparaṃ sañcarati, evaṃ bhikkhuno karajakāyañca nāsāpuṭañca cittañca paṭicca assāsapassāsakāyo aparāparaṃ sañcarati. Kāyādayo dhammā samudayadhammā, te passanto ‘‘samudayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharatī’’ti vuccati. Vayadhammānupassī vāti yathā bhastāya apanītāya gaggaranāḷiyā bhinnāya tajje ca vāyāme asati so vāto nappavattati, evameva kāye bhinne nāsāpuṭe viddhaste citte ca niruddhe assāsapassāsakāyo nāma nappavattatīti kāyādinirodhā assāsapassāsanirodhoti evaṃ passanto ‘‘vayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharatī’’ti vuccati. Samudayavayadhammānupassī vāti kālena samudayaṃ, kālena vayaṃ anupassanto. Atthi kāyoti vā panassāti kāyova atthi, na satto, na puggalo, na itthī, na puriso, na attā, na attaniyaṃ, nāhaṃ, na mama, na koci, na kassacīti evamassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti.

Yāvadevāti payojanaparicchedavavatthāpanametaṃ. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yā sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti, sā na aññatthāya. Atha kho yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya aparāparaṃ uttaruttari ñāṇapamāṇatthāya ceva satipamāṇatthāya ca, satisampajaññānaṃ vuḍḍhatthāyāti attho. Anissito ca viharatīti taṇhānissayadiṭṭhinissayānaṃ vasena anissito viharati. Na ca kiñci loke upādiyatīti lokasmiṃ kiñci rūpaṃ vā…pe… viññāṇaṃ vā ‘‘ayaṃ me attā vā attaniyaṃ vā’’ti na gaṇhāti. Evampīti upariatthaṃ upādāya sampiṇḍanattho pikāro. Iminā pana padena bhagavā ānāpānapabbadesanaṃ niyyātetvā dasseti.

Tattha assāsapassāsapariggāhikā sati dukkhasaccaṃ, tassā samuṭṭhāpikā purimataṇhā samudayasaccaṃ, ubhinnaṃ appavatti nirodhasaccaṃ, dukkhaparijānano samudayapajahano nirodhārammaṇo ariyamaggo maggasaccaṃ. Evaṃ catusaccavasena ussakkitvā nibbutiṃ pāpuṇātīti idamekassa assāsapassāsavasena abhiniviṭṭhassa bhikkhuno yāva arahattā niyyānamukhanti.

Ānāpānapabbavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Iriyāpathapabbavaṇṇanā

108. Evaṃ assāsapassāsavasena kāyānupassanaṃ vibhajitvā idāni iriyāpathavasena vibhajituṃ puna caparantiādimāha. Tattha kāmaṃ soṇasiṅgālādayopi gacchantā ‘‘gacchāmā’’ti jānanti. Na panetaṃ evarūpaṃ jānanaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Evarūpañhi jānanaṃ sattūpaladdhiṃ na pajahati, attasaññaṃ na ugghāṭeti, kammaṭṭhānaṃ vā satipaṭṭhānabhāvanā vā na hoti. Imassa pana bhikkhuno jānanaṃ sattūpaladdhiṃ pajahati, attasaññaṃ ugghāṭeti, kammaṭṭhānañceva satipaṭṭhānabhāvanā ca hoti. Idañhi ‘‘ko gacchati, kassa gamanaṃ, kiṃ kāraṇā gacchatī’’ti evaṃ sampajānanaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Ṭhānādīsupi eseva nayo.

Tattha ko gacchatīti na koci satto vā puggalo vā gacchati. Kassa gamananti na kassaci sattassa vā puggalassa vā gamanaṃ. Kiṃ kāraṇā gacchatīti cittakiriyavāyodhātuvipphārena gacchati. Tasmā esa evaṃ pajānāti ‘‘gacchāmī’’ti cittaṃ uppajjati, taṃ vāyaṃ janeti, vāyo viññattiṃ janeti, cittakiriyavāyodhātuvipphārena sakalakāyassa purato abhinīhāro gamananti vuccati. Ṭhānādīsupi eseva nayo.

Tatrāpi hi ‘‘tiṭṭhāmī’’ti cittaṃ uppajjati, taṃ vāyaṃ janeti, vāyo viññattiṃ janeti, cittakiriyavāyodhātuvipphārena sakalakāyassa koṭito paṭṭhāya ussitabhāvo ṭhānanti vuccati. ‘‘Nisīdāmī’’ti cittaṃ uppajjati, taṃ vāyaṃ janeti, vāyo viññattiṃ janeti, cittakiriyavāyodhātuvipphārena heṭṭhimakāyassa samiñjanaṃ uparimakāyassa ussitabhāvo nisajjāti vuccati. ‘‘Sayāmī’’ti cittaṃ uppajjati, taṃ vāyaṃ janeti, vāyo viññattiṃ janeti, cittakiriyavāyodhātuvipphārena sakalasarīrassa tiriyato pasāraṇaṃ sayananti vuccatīti.

Tassa evaṃ pajānato evaṃ hoti ‘‘satto gacchati satto tiṭṭhatī’’ti vuccati. Atthi pana koci satto gacchanto vā ṭhito vā natthi. Yathā pana ‘‘sakaṭaṃ gacchati sakaṭaṃ tiṭṭhatī’’ti vuccati, na ca kiñci sakaṭaṃ nāma gacchantaṃ vā tiṭṭhantaṃ vā atthi. Cattāro pana goṇe yojetvā chekamhi sārathimhi pājente ‘‘sakaṭaṃ gacchati sakaṭaṃ tiṭṭhatī’’ti vohāramattameva hoti, evameva ajānanaṭṭhena sakaṭaṃ viya kāyo. Goṇā viya cittajavātā. Sārathi viya cittaṃ. Gacchāmi tiṭṭhāmīti citte uppanne vāyodhātu viññattiṃ janayamānā uppajjati, cittakiriyavāyodhātuvipphārena gamanādīni pavattanti. Tato ‘‘satto gacchati, satto tiṭṭhati, ahaṃ gacchāmi, ahaṃ tiṭṭhāmī’’ti vohāramattaṃ hotīti. Tenāha –

‘‘Nāvā mālutavegena, jiyāvegena tejanaṃ;

Yathā yāti tathā kāyo, yāti vātāhato ayaṃ.

Yantaṃ suttavaseneva, cittasuttavasenidaṃ;

Payuttaṃ kāyayantampi, yāti ṭhāti nisīdati.

Ko nāma ettha so satto, yo vinā hetupaccaye;

Attano ānubhāvena, tiṭṭhe vā yadi vā vaje’’ti.

Tasmā evaṃ hetupaccayavaseneva pavattāni gamanādīni sallakkhento esa gacchanto vā gacchāmīti pajānāti, ṭhito vā, nisinno vā, sayāno vā sayānomhīti pajānātīti veditabbo.

Yathā yathā vā panassa kāyo paṇihito hoti, tathā tathā naṃ pajānātīti sabbasaṅgāhikavacanametaṃ. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yena yena vā ākārena tassa kāyo ṭhito hoti, tena tena naṃ pajānāti. Gamanākārena ṭhitaṃ gacchatīti pajānāti. Ṭhānanisajjāsayanākārena ṭhitaṃ sayānoti pajānātīti.

Iti ajjhattaṃ vāti evaṃ attano vā catuiriyāpathapariggaṇhanena kāye kāyānupassī viharati. Bahiddhā vāti parassa vā catuiriyāpathapariggaṇhanena. Ajjhattabahiddhā vāti kālena attano, kālena parassa catuiriyāpathapariggaṇhanena kāye kāyānupassī viharati. Samudayadhammānupassī vātiādīsu pana ‘‘avijjāsamudayā rūpasamudayo’’tiādinā (paṭi. ma. 1.49) nayena pañcahākārehi rūpakkhandhassa samudayo ca vayo ca nīharitabbo. Tañhi sandhāya idha ‘‘samudayadhammānupassī vā’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Atthi kāyoti vā panassātiādi vuttasadisameva.

Idha pana catuiriyāpathapariggāhikā sati dukkhasaccaṃ, tassā samuṭṭhāpikā purimataṇhā samudayasaccaṃ, ubhinnaṃ appavatti nirodhasaccaṃ, dukkhaparijānano samudayapajahano nirodhārammaṇo ariyamaggo maggasaccaṃ. Evaṃ catusaccavasena ussakkitvā nibbutiṃ pāpuṇātīti idamekassa catūiriyāpathapariggāhakassa bhikkhuno yāva arahattā niyyānamukhanti.

Iriyāpathapabbavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Catusampajaññapabbavaṇṇanā

109. Evaṃ iriyāpathavasena kāyānupassanaṃ vibhajitvā idāni catusampajaññavasena vibhajituṃ puna caparantiādimāha. Tattha abhikkante paṭikkanteti ettha tāva abhikkantaṃ vuccati gamanaṃ. Paṭikkantaṃ nivattanaṃ. Tadubhayampi catūsu iriyāpathesu labbhati. Gamane tāva purato kāyaṃ abhiharanto abhikkamati nāma. Paṭinivattento paṭikkamati nāma. Ṭhānepi ṭhitakova kāyaṃ purato onāmento abhikkamati nāma. Pacchato apanāmento paṭikkamati nāma. Nisajjāyapi nisinnakova āsanassa purimaaṅgābhimukho saṃsaranto abhikkamati nāma. Pacchimaaṅgappadesaṃ pacchā saṃsaranto paṭikkamati nāma. Nipajjāyapi eseva nayo.

Sampajānakārī hotīti sampajaññena sabbakiccakārī, sampajaññameva vā kārī. So hi abhikkantādīsu sampajaññaṃ karoteva, na katthaci sampajaññavirahito hoti. Tattha sātthakasampajaññaṃ sappāyasampajaññaṃ gocarasampajaññaṃ asammohasampajaññanti catubbidhaṃ sampajaññaṃ. Tattha abhikkamanacitte uppanne cittavaseneva agantvā ‘‘kiṃ nu me ettha gatena attho atthi natthī’’ti atthānatthaṃ pariggaṇhitvā atthapariggahaṇaṃ sātthakasampajaññaṃ. Tattha ca atthoti cetiyadassanabodhidassanasaṅghadassanatheradassanaasubhadassanādivasena dhammato vaḍḍhi. Cetiyaṃ vā bodhiṃ vā disvāpi hi buddhārammaṇaṃ saṅghadassanena saṅghārammaṇaṃ pītiṃ uppādetvā tadeva khayavayato sammasanto arahattaṃ pāpuṇāti. There disvā tesaṃ ovāde patiṭṭhāya asubhaṃ disvā tattha paṭhamajjhānaṃ uppādetvā tadeva khayavayato sammasanto arahattaṃ pāpuṇāti. Tasmā etesaṃ dassanaṃ sātthakaṃ. Keci pana ‘‘āmisatopi vaḍḍhi atthoyeva, taṃ nissāya brahmacariyānuggahāya paṭipannattā’’ti vadanti.

Tasmiṃ pana gamane sappāyāsappāyaṃ pariggaṇhitvā sappāyapariggahaṇaṃ sappāyasampajaññaṃ. Seyyathidaṃ, cetiyadassanaṃ tāva sātthakaṃ. Sace pana cetiyassa mahāpūjāya dasadvādasayojanantare parisā sannipatanti. Attano vibhavānurūpaṃ itthiyopi purisāpi alaṅkatappaṭiyattā cittakammarūpakāni viya sañcaranti. Tatra cassa iṭṭhe ārammaṇe lobho, aniṭṭhe paṭigho, asamapekkhane moho uppajjati, kāyasaṃsaggāpattiṃ vā āpajjati, jīvitabrahmacariyānaṃ vā antarāyo hoti, evaṃ taṃ ṭhānaṃ asappāyaṃ hoti. Vuttappakāraantarāyābhāve sappāyaṃ. Bodhidassanepi eseva nayo. Saṅghadassanampi sātthaṃ. Sace pana antogāme mahāmaṇḍapaṃ kāretvā sabbarattiṃ dhammassavanaṃ kārentesu manussesu vuttappakāreneva janasannipāto ceva antarāyo ca hoti, evaṃ taṃ ṭhānaṃ asappāyaṃ. Antarāyābhāve sappāyaṃ. Mahāparisaparivārānaṃ therānaṃ dassanepi eseva nayo.

Asubhadassanampi sātthaṃ. Tadatthadīpanatthañca idaṃ vatthu – eko kira daharabhikkhu sāmaṇeraṃ gahetvā dantakaṭṭhatthāya gato. Sāmaṇero maggā okkamitvā purato gacchanto asubhaṃ disvā paṭhamajjhānaṃ nibbattetvā tadeva pādakaṃ katvā saṅkhāre sammasanto tīṇi phalāni sacchikatvā uparimaggatthāya kammaṭṭhānaṃ pariggahetvā aṭṭhāsi. Daharo taṃ apassanto ‘‘sāmaṇerā’’ti pakkosi. So ‘‘mayā pabbajitadivasato paṭṭhāya bhikkhunā saddhiṃ dve kathā nāma na kathitapubbā. Aññasmimpi divase uparivisesaṃ nibbattessāmī’’ti cintetvā ‘‘kiṃ, bhante’’ti paṭivacanaṃ adāsi. Ehīti ca vutte ekavacaneneva āgantvā ‘‘bhante, iminā tāva maggena gantvā mayā ṭhitokāse muhuttaṃ puratthābhimukho ṭhatvā olokethā’’ti āha. So tathā katvā tena pattavisesameva pāpuṇi. Evaṃ ekaṃ asubhaṃ dvinnaṃ janānaṃ atthāya jāyati. Evaṃ sātthampi panetaṃ purisassa mātugāmāsubhaṃ asappāyaṃ. Mātugāmassa ca purisāsubhaṃ sabhāgameva sappāyanti evaṃ sappāyapariggahaṇaṃ sappāyasampajaññaṃ nāma.

Evaṃ pariggahitasātthasappāyassa pana aṭṭhatiṃsāya kammaṭṭhānesu attano cittarucitakammaṭṭhānasaṅkhātaṃ gocaraṃ uggahetvā bhikkhācāragocare taṃ gahetvā gamanaṃ gocarasampajaññaṃ nāma. Tassāvibhāvatthaṃ idaṃ catukkaṃ veditabbaṃ. Idhekacco bhikkhu harati na paccāharati, ekacco na harati paccāharati, ekacco neva harati na paccāharati, ekacco harati ca paccāharati ca.

Tattha yo bhikkhu divasaṃ caṅkamena nisajjāya āvaraṇīyehi dhammehi cittaṃ parisodhetvā tathā rattiyā paṭhamaṃ yāmaṃ majjhime yāme seyyaṃ kappetvā pacchimayāmepi nisajjācaṅkamehi vītināmetvā pageva cetiyaṅgaṇabodhiyaṅgaṇavattaṃ katvā bodhirukkhe udakaṃ abhisiñcitvā pānīyaṃ paribhojanīyaṃ paccupaṭṭhapetvā ācariyupajjhāyavattādīni sabbāni khandhakavattāni samādāya vattati. So sarīraparikammaṃ katvā senāsanaṃ pavisitvā dve tayo pallaṅke usumaṃ gāhāpento kammaṭṭhānaṃ anuyuñjitvā bhikkhācāravelāya uṭṭhahitvā kammaṭṭhānasīseneva pattacīvaramādāya senāsanato nikkhamitvā kammaṭṭhānaṃ manasikarontova cetiyaṅgaṇaṃ gantvā sace buddhānussatikammaṭṭhānaṃ hoti, taṃ avissajjetvāva cetiyaṅgaṇaṃ pavisati. Aññaṃ ce kammaṭṭhānaṃ hoti, sopānapādamūle ṭhatvā hatthena gahitabhaṇḍaṃ viya taṃ ṭhapetvā buddhārammaṇaṃ pītiṃ gahetvā cetiyaṅgaṇaṃ āruyha mahantaṃ cetiyaṃ ce, tikkhattuṃ padakkhiṇaṃ katvā catūsu ṭhānesu vanditabbaṃ. Khuddakaṃ cetiyaṃ ce, tatheva padakkhiṇaṃ katvā aṭṭhasu ṭhānesu vanditabbaṃ. Cetiyaṃ vanditvā bodhiyaṅgaṇaṃ pattenāpi buddhassa bhagavato sammukhā viya nipaccakāraṃ dassetvā bodhi vanditabbo. So evaṃ cetiyañca bodhiñca vanditvā paṭisāmitaṭṭhānaṃ gantvā paṭisāmitabhaṇḍakaṃ hatthena gaṇhanto viya nikkhittakammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā gāmasamīpe kammaṭṭhānasīseneva cīvaraṃ pārupitvā gāmaṃ piṇḍāya pavisati.

Atha naṃ manussā disvā ‘‘ayyo no āgato’’ti paccuggantvā pattaṃ gahetvā āsanasālāyaṃ vā gehe vā nisīdāpetvā yāguṃ datvā yāva bhattaṃ na niṭṭhāti, tāva pāde dhovitvā telena makkhetvā purato nisīditvā pañhaṃ vā pucchanti, dhammaṃ vā sotukāmā honti. Sacepi na kathāpenti, janasaṅgahatthaṃ dhammakathā nāma kātabbāyevāti aṭṭhakathācariyā vadanti. Dhammakathā hi kammaṭṭhānavinimuttā nāma natthi. Tasmā kammaṭṭhānasīseneva dhammaṃ kathetvā kammaṭṭhānasīseneva āhāraṃ paribhuñjitvā anumodanaṃ katvā nivattiyamānehipi manussehi anugatova gāmato nikkhamitvā tattheva nivattetvā maggaṃ paṭipajjati. Atha naṃ puretaraṃ nikkhamitvā bahigāme katabhattakiccā sāmaṇeradaharabhikkhū disvā paccuggantvā pattacīvaramassa gaṇhanti.

Porāṇā bhikkhū kira ‘‘na amhākaṃ upajjhāyo ācariyo’’ti mukhaṃ ulloketvā vattaṃ karonti. Sampattaparicchedeneva karonti. Te taṃ pucchanti ‘‘bhante, ete manussā tumhākaṃ kiṃ honti mātupakkhato sambandhā pitipakkhato’’ti. Kiṃ disvā pucchathāti. Tumhesu etesaṃ pemaṃ bahumānanti. Āvuso, yaṃ mātāpitūhipi dukkaraṃ, taṃ ete amhākaṃ karonti, pattacīvarampi no etesaṃ santakameva, etesaṃ ānubhāvena neva bhaye bhayaṃ, na chātake chātakaṃ jānāma, edisā nāma amhākaṃ upakārino natthīti tesaṃ guṇe kathento gacchati, ayaṃ vuccati harati na paccāharatīti.

Yassa pana pageva vuttappakāraṃ vattapaṭipattiṃ karontassa kammajatejo pajjalati, anupādinnakaṃ muñcitvā upādinnakaṃ gaṇhāti, sarīrato sedā muccanti, kammaṭṭhānavīthiṃ nārohati, so pageva pattacīvaramādāya vegasāva cetiyaṃ vanditvā gorūpānaṃ nikkhamanavelāyameva gāmaṃ yāgubhikkhāya pavisitvā yāguṃ labhitvā āsanasālaṃ gantvā pivati. Athassa dvattikkhattuṃ ajjhoharaṇamatteneva kammajatejo upādinnakaṃ muñcitvā anupādinnakaṃ gaṇhāti. Ghaṭasatena nhāto viya tejodhātupariḷāhanibbāpanaṃ patvā kammaṭṭhānasīsena yāguṃ paribhuñjitvā pattañca mukhañca dhovitvā antarābhatte kammaṭṭhānaṃ manasikatvā avasesaṭṭhāne piṇḍāya caritvā kammaṭṭhānasīsena āhāraṃ paribhuñjitvā tato paṭṭhāya poṅkhānupoṅkhaṃ upaṭṭhahamānaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvāva āgacchati, ayaṃ vuccati na harati paccāharatīti. Edisā ca bhikkhū yāguṃ pivitvā vipassanaṃ ārabhitvā buddhasāsane arahattaṃ pattā nāma gaṇanapathaṃ vītivattā, sīhaḷadīpeyeva tesu tesu gāmesu āsanasālāyaṃ na taṃ āsanaṃ atthi, yattha yāguṃ pivitvā arahattappattabhikkhū natthīti.

Yo pana pamādavihārī hoti nikkhittadhuro, sabbavattāni bhinditvā pañcavidhacetokhilavinibandhacitto viharanto ‘‘kammaṭṭhānaṃ nāma atthī’’tipi saññaṃ akatvā gāmaṃ piṇḍāya pavisitvā ananulomikena gihisaṃsaggena saṃsaṭṭho caritvā ca bhuñjitvā ca tuccho nikkhamati, ayaṃ vuccati neva harati na paccāharatīti.

Yo panāyaṃ harati ca paccāharati cāti vutto, so gatapaccāgatikavattavasena veditabbo. Attakāmā hi kulaputtā sāsane pabbajitvā dasapi vīsampi tiṃsampi cattālīsampi paññāsampi satampi ekato vasantā katikavattaṃ katvā viharanti, āvuso, tumhe na iṇaṭṭhā na bhayaṭṭā na jīvikāpakatā pabbajitā, dukkhā muccitukāmā panettha pabbajitā, tasmā gamane uppannakilesaṃ gamaneyeva niggaṇhatha, ṭhāne, nisajjāyaṃ, sayane uppannakilesaṃ sayaneyeva niggaṇhathāti. Te evaṃ katikavattaṃ katvā bhikkhācāraṃ gacchantā aḍḍhausabhausabhaaḍḍhagāvutagāvutantaresu pāsāṇā honti. Tāya saññāya kammaṭṭhānaṃ manasikarontāva gacchanti. Sace kassaci gamane kileso uppajjati, tattheva naṃ niggaṇhāti. Tathā asakkonto tiṭṭhati. Athassa pacchato āgacchantopi tiṭṭhati. So ‘‘ayaṃ bhikkhu tuyhaṃ uppannavitakkaṃ jānāti, ananucchavikaṃ te eta’’nti attānaṃ paṭicodetvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā tattheva ariyabhūmiṃ okkamati. Tathā asakkonto nisīdati. Athassa pacchato āgacchantopi nisīdatīti soyeva nayo. Ariyabhūmiṃ okkamituṃ asakkontopi taṃ kilesaṃ vikkhambhetvā kammaṭṭhānaṃ manasikarontova gacchati. Na kammaṭṭhānavippayuttena cittena pādaṃ uddharati. Uddharati ce, paṭinivattetvā purimapadesaṃ yeva eti āḷindakavāsī mahāphussadevatthero viya.

So kira ekūnavīsativassāni gatapaccāgatikavattaṃ pūrento eva vihāsi. Manussāpi sudaṃ antarāmagge kasantā ca vapantā ca maddantā ca kammāni ca karontā theraṃ tathāgacchantaṃ disvā ‘‘ayaṃ thero punappunaṃ nivattitvā gacchati. Kiṃ nu kho maggamūḷho udāhu kiñci pamuṭṭho’’ti samullapanti. So taṃ anādiyitvā kammaṭṭhānayuttacitteneva samaṇadhammaṃ karonto vīsativassabbhantare arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Arahattappattadivaseyevassa caṅkamanakoṭiyaṃ adhivatthā devatā aṅgulīhi dīpaṃ ujjāletvā aṭṭhāsi. Cattāropi mahārājāno sakko ca devānamindo brahmā ca sahampati upaṭṭhānaṃ agamaṃsu. Tañca obhāsaṃ disvā vanavāsīmahātissatthero taṃ dutiyadivase pucchi ‘‘rattibhāge āyasmato santike obhāso ahosi, kiṃ so obhāso’’ti. Thero vikkhepaṃ karonto ‘‘obhāso nāma dīpobhāsopi hoti maṇiobhāsopī’’ti evamādimāha. Tato paṭicchādetha tumheti nibaddho āmāti paṭijānitvā ārocesi kālavallimaṇḍapavāsī mahānāgatthero viya ca.

Sopi kira gatapaccāgatikavattaṃ pūrento paṭhamaṃ tāva bhagavato mahāpadhānaṃ pūjessāmīti satta vassāni ṭhānacaṅkamanameva adhiṭṭhāsi. Puna soḷasa vassāni gatapaccāgatikavattaṃ pūretvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. So kammaṭṭhānayutteneva cittena pādaṃ uddharanto viyuttena uddhate paṭinivattanto gāmassa samīpaṃ gantvā ‘‘gāvī nu pabbajito nū’’ti āsaṅkanīyapadese ṭhatvā cīvaraṃ pārupitvā kacchakantarato udakena pattaṃ dhovitvā udakagaṇḍūsaṃ karoti. Kiṃ kāraṇā? Mā me bhikkhaṃ dātuṃ vandituṃ vā āgate manusse dīghāyukā hothāti vacanamattenāpi kammaṭṭhānavikkhepo ahosīti. Ajja, bhante, katimīti divasaṃ vā bhikkhugaṇanaṃ vā pañhe vā pucchito pana udakaṃ gilitvā ārocesi. Sace divasādipucchakā na honti, nikkhamanavelāya gāmadvāre niṭṭhubhitvāva yāti kalambatitthavihāre vassūpagatapaññāsabhikkhū viya.

Te kira āsāḷhīpuṇṇamāyaṃ katikavattaṃ akaṃsu ‘‘arahattaṃ appatvā aññamaññaṃ na ālapissāmā’’ti. Gāmañca piṇḍāya pavisantā udakagaṇḍūsaṃ katvā pavisiṃsu. Divasādīsu pucchitesu vuttanayeneva paṭipajjiṃsu. Tattha manussā niṭṭhubhanaṃ disvā jāniṃsu, ‘‘ajjeko āgato, ajja dve’’ti. Evañca cintesuṃ ‘‘kiṃ nu kho ete amhehiyeva saddhiṃ na sallapanti, udāhu aññamaññampi, yadi aññamaññaṃ na sallapanti, addhā vivādajātā bhavissanti, etha ne aññamaññaṃ khamāpessāmā’’ti sabbe vihāraṃ gantvā paññāsāya bhikkhusu dvepi bhikkhū ekokāse nāddasaṃsu. Tato yo tesu cakkhumā puriso, so āha ‘‘na bho kalahakārakānaṃ okāso īdiso hoti, susammaṭṭhaṃ cetiyaṅgaṇaṃ bodhiyaṅgaṇaṃ, sunikkhittā sammajjaniyo, sūpaṭṭhapitaṃ pānīyaṃ paribhojanīya’’nti. Te tatova nivattā, tepi bhikkhū antotemāseyeva arahattaṃ patvā mahāpavāraṇāya visuddhipavāraṇaṃ pavāresuṃ.

Evaṃ kālavallimaṇḍapavāsī mahānāgatthero viya kalambatitthavihāre vassūpagatabhikkhū viya ca kammaṭṭhānayutteneva cittena pādaṃ uddharanto gāmasamīpaṃ patvā udakagaṇḍūsaṃ katvā vīthiyo sallakkhetvā yattha surāsoṇḍadhuttādayo kalahakārakā caṇḍahatthiassādayo vā natthi, taṃ vīthiṃ paṭipajjati. Tattha ca piṇḍāya caramāno na turitaturito viya javena gacchati. Na hi javena piṇḍapātiyadhutaṅgaṃ nāma kiñci atthi. Visamabhūmibhāgappattaṃ pana udakasakaṭaṃ viya niccalo hutvā gacchati. Anugharaṃ paviṭṭho ca taṃ dātukāmaṃ vā adātukāmaṃ vā sallakkhetuṃ tadanurūpaṃ kālaṃ āgamento bhikkhaṃ gahetvā antogāme vā bahigāme vā vihārameva vā āgantvā yathāphāsuke patirūpe okāse nisīditvā kammaṭṭhānaṃ manasikaronto āhāre paṭikūlasaññaṃ upaṭṭhāpetvā akkhabbhañjanavaṇalepanaputtamaṃsūpamāvasena naṃ paccavekkhanto aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṃ āhāraṃ āhāreti, neva davāya na madāya na maṇḍanāya na vibhūsanāya. Bhuttāvī ca udakakiccaṃ katvā muhuttaṃ bhattakilamathaṃ paṭippassambhetvā yathā purebhattaṃ, evaṃ pacchābhattaṃ. Yathā purimayāmaṃ, evaṃ pacchimayāmañca kammaṭṭhānameva manasi karoti, ayaṃ vuccati harati ca paccāharati cāti.

Idaṃ pana haraṇapaccāharaṇasaṅkhātaṃ gatapaccāgatikavattaṃ pūrento yadi upanissayasampanno hoti. Paṭhamavaye eva arahattaṃ pāpuṇāti. No ce paṭhamavaye pāpuṇāti, atha majjhimavaye. No ce majjhimavaye pāpuṇāti, atha pacchimavaye. No ce pacchimavaye pāpuṇāti, atha maraṇasamaye. No ce maraṇasamaye pāpuṇāti, atha devaputto hutvā. No ce devaputto hutvā pāpuṇāti, anuppanne buddhe nibbatto paccekabodhiṃ sacchikaroti. No ce paccekabodhiṃ sacchikaroti, atha buddhānaṃ sammukhībhāve khippābhiñño vā hoti seyyathāpi thero bāhiyo dārucīriyo, mahāpañño vā seyyathāpi thero sāriputto, mahiddhiko vā seyyathāpi thero mahāmoggallāno, dhutaṅgadharo vā seyyathāpi thero mahākassapo, dibbacakkhuko vā seyyathāpi thero anuruddho, vinayadharo vā seyyathāpi thero upāli, dhammakathiko vā seyyathāpi thero puṇṇo mantāṇiputto, āraññiko vā seyyathāpi thero revato, bahussuto vā seyyathāpi thero ānando, sikkhākāmo vā seyyathāpi thero rāhulo buddhaputtoti. Iti imasmiṃ catukke yvāyaṃ harati ca paccāharati ca, tassa gocarasampajaññaṃ sikhāpattaṃ hoti.

Abhikkamādīsu pana asammuyhanaṃ asammohasampajaññaṃ. Taṃ evaṃ veditabbaṃ – idha bhikkhu abhikkamanto vā paṭikkamanto vā yathā andhaputhujjanā abhikkamādīsu ‘‘attā abhikkamati, attanā abhikkamo nibbattito’’ti vā ‘‘ahaṃ abhikkamāmi, mayā abhikkamo nibbattito’’ti vā sammuyhanti. Tathā asammuyhanto ‘‘abhikkamāmī’’ti citte uppajjamāne teneva cittena saddhiṃ cittasamuṭṭhānā vāyodhātu viññattiṃ janayamānā uppajjati, iti cittakiriyavāyodhātuvipphāravasena ayaṃ kāyasammato aṭṭhisaṅghāto abhikkamati, tassevaṃ abhikkamato ekekapāduddharaṇe pathavīdhātu āpodhātūti dve dhātuyo omattā honti mandā, itarā dve adhimattā honti balavatiyo, tathā atiharaṇavītiharaṇesu. Vossajjane tejovāyodhātuyo omattā honti mandā, itarā dve adhimattā honti balavatiyo. Tathā sannikkhepanasannirumbhanesu. Tattha uddharaṇe pavattā rūpārūpadhammā atiharaṇaṃ na pāpuṇanti. Tathā atiharaṇe pavattā vītiharaṇaṃ, vītiharaṇe pavattā vossajjanaṃ, vossajjane pavattā sannikkhepanaṃ, sannikkhepane pavattā sannirumbhanaṃ na pāpuṇanti. Tattha tattheva pabbaṃ pabbaṃ sandhi sandhi odhi odhi hutvā tattakapāle pakkhittatilāni viya paṭapaṭāyantā bhijjanti. Tattha ko eko abhikkamati? Kassa vā ekassa abhikkamanaṃ? Paramatthato hi dhātūnaṃyeva gamanaṃ, dhātūnaṃ ṭhānaṃ, dhātūnaṃ nisajjanaṃ, dhātūnaṃ sayanaṃ, tasmiṃ tasmiñhi koṭṭhāse saddhiṃ rūpena –

Aññaṃ uppajjate cittaṃ, aññaṃ cittaṃ nirujjhati;

Avīcimanusambandho, nadīsotova vattatīti.

Evaṃ abhikkamādīsu asammuyhanaṃ asammohasampajaññaṃ nāmāti;

Niṭṭhito abhikkante paṭikkante sampajānakārī hotīti padassa attho;

Ālokite vilokiteti ettha pana ālokitaṃ nāma purato pekkhanaṃ. Vilokitaṃ nāma anudisāpekkhanaṃ. Aññānipi heṭṭhā upari pacchato pekkhanavasena olokitaullokitāpalokitāni nāma honti, tāni idha na gahitāni. Sāruppavasena pana imāneva dve gahitāni, iminā vā mukhena sabbānipi tāni gahitānevāti.

Tattha ‘‘ālokessāmī’’ti citte uppanne cittavaseneva anoloketvā atthapariggahaṇaṃ sātthakasampajaññaṃ. Taṃ āyasmantaṃ nandaṃ kāyasakkhiṃ katvā veditabbaṃ. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā – ‘‘sace, bhikkhave, nandassa puratthimā disā āloketabbā hoti, sabbaṃ cetasā samannāharitvā nando puratthimaṃ disaṃ āloketi, evaṃ me puratthimaṃ disaṃ ālokayato na abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyunti iti so tattha sampajāno hoti, sace, bhikkhave, nandassa pacchimā disā, uttarā disā, dakkhiṇā disā, uddhaṃ, adho, anudisā āloketabbā hoti, sabbaṃ cetaso samannāharitvā nando anudisaṃ āloketi. Evaṃ me anudisaṃ ālokayato…pe… sampajāno hotī’’ti (a. ni. 8.9).

Apica idhāpi pubbe vuttacetiyadassanādivaseneva sātthakatā ca sappāyatā ca veditabbā. Kammaṭṭhānassa pana avijahanameva gocarasampajaññaṃ. Tasmā khandhadhātuāyatanakammaṭṭhānikehi attano kammaṭṭhānavaseneva, kasiṇādikammaṭṭhānikehi vā pana kammaṭṭhānasīseneva ālokanavilokanaṃ kātabbaṃ. Abbhantare attā nāma āloketā vā viloketā vā natthi, ālokessāmīti pana citte uppajjamāne teneva cittena saddhiṃ cittasamuṭṭhānā vāyodhātu viññattiṃ janayamānā uppajjati. Iti cittakiriyavāyodhātuvipphāravaseneva heṭṭhimaṃ akkhidalaṃ adho sīdati, uparimaṃ uddhaṃ laṅgheti, koci yantakena vivaranto nāma natthi, tato cakkhuviññāṇaṃ dassanakiccaṃ sādhentaṃ uppajjatīti. Evaṃ sampajānanaṃ panettha asammohasampajaññaṃ nāma.

Apica mūlapariññāāgantukatāvakālikabhāvavasenapettha asammohasampajaññaṃ veditabbaṃ. Mūlapariññāvasena tāva –

Bhavaṅgāvajjanañceva, dassanaṃ sampaṭicchanaṃ;

Santīraṇaṃ voṭṭhabbanaṃ, javanaṃ bhavati sattamaṃ.

Tattha bhavaṅgaṃ upapattibhavassa aṅgakiccaṃ sādhayamānaṃ pavattati, taṃ āvaṭṭetvā kiriyamanodhātu āvajjanakiccaṃ sādhayamānā, tannirodhā cakkhuviññāṇaṃ dassanakiccaṃ sādhayamānaṃ, tannirodhā vipākamanodhātu sampaṭicchanakiccaṃ sādhayamānā, tannirodhā vipākamanoviññāṇadhātu santīraṇakiccaṃ sādhayamānā, tannirodhā kiriyamanoviññāṇadhātu voṭṭhabbapanakiccaṃ sādhayamānā, tannirodhā sattakkhattuṃ javanaṃ javati. Tattha paṭhamajavanepi ‘‘ayaṃ itthī, ayaṃ puriso’’ti rajjanadussanamuyhanavasena ālokitavilokitaṃ na hoti. Dutiyajavanepi…pe… sattamajavanepi. Etesu pana yuddhamaṇḍale yodhesu viya heṭṭhupariyavasena bhijjitvā patitesu ‘‘ayaṃ itthī, ayaṃ puriso’’ti rajjanādivasena ālokitavilokitaṃ hoti. Evaṃ tāvettha mūlapariññāvasena asammohasampajaññaṃ veditabbaṃ.

Cakkhudvāre pana rūpe āpāthagate bhavaṅgacalanato uddhaṃ sakakiccaṃ nipphādanavasena āvajjanādīsu uppajjitvā niruddhesu avasāne javanaṃ uppajjati. Taṃ pubbe uppannānaṃ āvajjanādīnaṃ gehabhūte cakkhudvāre āgantukapuriso viya hoti. Tassa yathā paragehe kiñci yācituṃ paviṭṭhassa āgantukapurisassa gehasāmikesu tuṇhīmāsinesu āṇākaraṇaṃ na yuttaṃ. Evaṃ āvajjanādīnaṃ gehabhūte cakkhudvāre āvajjanādīsupi arajjantesu adussantesu amuyhantesu ca rajjanadussanamuyhanaṃ ayuttanti evaṃ āgantukabhāvavasena asammohasampajaññaṃ veditabbaṃ.

Yāni pana tāni cakkhudvāre voṭṭhabbapanapariyosānāni cittāni uppajjanti, tāni saddhiṃ sampayuttadhammehi tattha tattheva bhijjanti, aññamaññaṃ na passantīti ittarāni tāvakālikāni honti. Tattha yathā ekasmiṃ ghare sabbesu mānusakesu matesu avasesassa ekassa taṅkhaṇeññeva maraṇadhammassa na yuttā naccagītādīsu abhirati nāma, evameva ekadvāre sasampayuttesu āvajjanādīsu tattha tattheva matesu avasesassa taṅkhaṇeññeva maraṇadhammassa javanassāpi rajjanadussanamuyhanavasena abhirati nāma na yuttāti evaṃ tāvakālikabhāvavasena asammohasampajaññaṃ veditabbaṃ.

Apica khandhāyatanadhātupaccayapaccavekkhaṇavasenapetaṃ veditabbaṃ. Ettha hi cakkhu ceva rūpañca rūpakkhandho, dassanaṃ viññāṇakkhandho, taṃsampayuttā vedanā vedanākkhandho, saññā saññākkhandho, phassādikā saṅkhārakkhandho. Evametesaṃ pañcannaṃ khandhānaṃ samavāye ālokanavilokanaṃ paññāyati. Tattha ko eko āloketi, ko viloketi? Tathā cakkhu cakkhāyatanaṃ, rūpaṃ rūpāyatanaṃ, dassanaṃ manāyatanaṃ, vedanādayo sampayuttadhammā dhammāyatanaṃ. Evametesaṃ catunnaṃ āyatanānaṃ samavāye ālokanavilokanaṃ paññāyati. Tattha ko eko āloketi, ko viloketi? Tathā cakkhu cakkhudhātu, rūpaṃ rūpadhātu, dassanaṃ cakkhuviññāṇadhātu, taṃsampayuttā vedanādayo dhammadhātu. Evametāsaṃ catunnaṃ dhātūnaṃ samavāye ālokanavilokanaṃ paññāyati. Tattha ko eko āloketi, ko viloketi? Tathā cakkhu nissayapaccayo, rūpaṃ ārammaṇapaccayo, āvajjanaṃ anantarasamanantarūpanissayanatthivigatapaccayo, āloko upanissayapaccayo vedanādayo sahajātapaccayo. Evametesaṃ paccayānaṃ samavāye ālokanavilokanaṃ paññāyati. Tattha ko eko āloketi, ko viloketīti? Evamettha khandhāyatanadhātupaccayapaccavekkhaṇavasenapi asammohasampajaññaṃ veditabbaṃ.

Samiñjite pasāriteti pabbānaṃ samiñjanapasāraṇe. Tattha cittavaseneva samiñjanapasāraṇaṃ akatvā hatthapādānaṃ samiñjanapasāraṇapaccayā atthānatthaṃ pariggahetvā atthapariggahaṇaṃ sātthakasampajaññaṃ. Tattha hatthapāde aticiraṃ samiñjetvā pasāretvā eva vā ṭhitassa khaṇe khaṇe vedanā uppajjanti, cittaṃ ekaggaṃ na labhati, kammaṭṭhānaṃ paripatati, visesaṃ nādhigacchati. Kāle samiñjentassa kāle pasārentassa pana tā vedanā na uppajjanti, cittaṃ ekaggaṃ hoti, kammaṭṭhānaṃ phātiṃ gacchati, visesamadhigacchatīti evaṃ atthānatthapariggahaṇaṃ veditabbaṃ.

Atthe pana satipi sappāyāsappāyaṃ pariggaṇhitvā sappāyapariggahaṇaṃ sappāyasampajaññaṃ. Tatrāyaṃ nayo – mahācetiyaṅgaṇe kira daharabhikkhū sajjhāyaṃ gaṇhanti. Tesaṃ piṭṭhipasse daharabhikkhuniyo dhammaṃ suṇanti. Tatreko daharo hatthaṃ pasārento kāyasaṃsaggaṃ patvā teneva kāraṇena gihī jāto. Aparopi bhikkhu pādaṃ pasārento aggimhi pasāresi, aṭṭhiṃ āhacca pādo jhāyi. Aparo vammike pasāresi, so āsīvisena daṭṭho. Aparo cīvarakuṭidaṇḍake pasāresi, taṃ maṇisappo ḍaṃsi. Tasmā evarūpe asappāye apasāretvā sappāye pasāretabbaṃ. Idamettha sappāyasampajaññaṃ.

Gocarasampajaññaṃ pana mahātheravatthunā dīpetabbaṃ – mahāthero kira divāṭṭhāne nisinno antevāsikehi saddhiṃ kathayamāno sahasā hatthaṃ samiñjetvā puna yathāṭhāne ṭhapetvā saṇikaṃ samiñjesi. Taṃ antevāsikā pucchiṃsu ‘‘kasmā bhante sahasā hatthaṃ samiñjetvā puna yathāṭhāne ṭhapetvā saṇikaṃ samiñjayitthā’’ti. Yato paṭṭhāyāhaṃ, āvuso, kammaṭṭhānaṃ manasikātuṃ āraddho, na me kammaṭṭhānaṃ muñcitvā hattho samiñjitapubbo, idāni pana tumhehi saddhiṃ kathayamānena kammaṭṭhānaṃ muñcitvā samiñjito, tasmā puna yathāṭhāne ṭhapetvā samiñjesinti. Sādhu, bhante, bhikkhunā nāma evarūpena bhavitabbanti. Evametthāpi kammaṭṭhānāvijahanameva gocarasampajaññanti veditabbaṃ.

Abbhantare attā nāma koci samiñjento vā pasārento vā natthi. Vuttappakāracittakiriyavāyodhātuvipphārena pana suttakaḍḍhanavasena dāruyantassa hatthapādalaḷanaṃ viya samiñjanapasāraṇaṃ hotīti evaṃ parijānanaṃ panettha asammohasampajaññanti veditabbaṃ.

Saṅghāṭipattacīvaradhāraṇeti ettha saṅghāṭicīvarānaṃ nivāsanapārupanavasena pattassa bhikkhāpaṭiggahaṇādivasena paribhogo dhāraṇaṃ nāma. Tattha saṅghāṭicīvaradhāraṇe tāva nivāsetvā pārupitvā ca piṇḍāya carato āmisalābho ‘‘sītassa paṭighātāyā’’tiādinā nayena bhagavatā vuttappakāroyeva ca attho attho nāma. Tassa vasena sātthakasampajaññaṃ veditabbaṃ.

Uṇhapakatikassa pana dubbalassa ca cīvaraṃ sukhumaṃ sappāyaṃ. Sītālukassa ghanaṃ dupaṭṭaṃ. Viparītaṃ asappāyaṃ. Yassa kassaci jiṇṇaṃ asappāyameva. Aggaḷādidāne hissa taṃ palibodhakaraṃ hoti. Tathā paṭṭuṇṇadukūlādibhedaṃ lobhanīyacīvaraṃ. Tādisañhi araññe ekakassa nivāsantarāyakaraṃ jīvitantarāyakaraṃ vāpi hoti. Nippariyāyena pana yaṃ nimittakammādimicchājīvavasena uppannaṃ, yañcassa sevamānassa akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyanti, taṃ asappāyaṃ. Viparītaṃ sappāyaṃ. Tassa vasenettha sappāyasampajaññaṃ, kammaṭṭhānāvijahanavaseneva ca gocarasampajaññaṃ veditabbaṃ.

Abbhantare attā nāma koci cīvaraṃ pārupanto natthi. Vuttappakāracittakiriyavāyodhātuvipphāreneva pana cīvarapārupanaṃ hoti. Tattha cīvarampi acetanaṃ, kāyopi acetano. Cīvaraṃ na jānāti ‘‘mayā kāyo pāruto’’ti. Kāyopi na jānāti ‘‘ahaṃ cīvarena pāruto’’ti, dhātuyova dhātusamūhaṃ paṭicchādenti paṭapilotikāya potthakarūpapaṭicchādane viya. Tasmā neva sundaraṃ cīvaraṃ labhitvā somanassaṃ kātabbaṃ, na asundaraṃ labhitvā domanassaṃ. Nāgavammikacetiyarukkhādīsu hi keci mālāgandhadhūmavatthādīhi sakkāraṃ karonti, keci gūthamuttakaddamadaṇḍasatthappahārādīhi asakkāraṃ, na te nāgavammikarukkhādayo somanassaṃ vā domanassaṃ vā karonti; evameva neva sundaraṃ cīvaraṃ labhitvā somanassaṃ kātabbaṃ, na asundaraṃ labhitvā domanassanti evaṃ pavattapaṭisaṅkhānavasena panettha asammohasampajaññaṃ veditabbaṃ.

Pattadhāraṇepi pattaṃ sahasāva aggahetvā imaṃ gahetvā piṇḍāya caramāno bhikkhaṃ labhissāmīti evaṃ pattagahaṇapaccayā paṭilabhitabbaatthavasena sātthakasampajaññaṃ veditabbaṃ.

Kisadubbalasarīrassa pana garu patto asappāyo. Yassa kassaci catupañcagaṇḍikāhato dubbisodhanīyo asappāyova. Duddhotapatto hi na vaṭṭati, taṃ dhovantasseva cassa palibodho hoti. Maṇivaṇṇapatto pana lobhanīyo cīvare vuttanayeneva asappāyo. Nimittakammādivasena laddho pana yañcassa sevamānassa akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyanti, ayaṃ ekantaasappāyova. Viparīto sappāyo. Tassa vasenettha sappāyasampajaññaṃ, kammaṭṭhānāvijahanavaseneva ca gocarasampajaññaṃ veditabbaṃ.

Abbhantare attā nāma koci pattaṃ gaṇhanto natthi. Vuttappakāracittakiriyavāyodhātuvipphāreneva pana pattaggahaṇaṃ nāma hoti. Tattha pattopi acetano, hatthāpi acetanā. Patto na jānāti ‘‘ahaṃ hatthehi gahito’’ti. Hatthāpi na jānanti ‘‘patto amhehi gahito’’ti. Dhātuyova dhātusamūhaṃ gaṇhanti saṇḍāsena aggivaṇṇapattaggahaṇe viyāti evaṃ pavattapaṭisaṅkhānavasenettha asammohasampajaññaṃ veditabbaṃ.

Apica yathā chinnahatthapāde vaṇamukhehi paggharitapubbalohitakimikule nīlamakkhikasamparikiṇṇe anāthasālāyaṃ nipanne anāthamanusse disvā dayālukā purisā tesaṃ vaṇapaṭṭacoḷakāni ceva kapālādīhi ca bhesajjāni upanāmenti. Tattha coḷakānipi kesañci saṇhāni, kesañci thūlāni pāpuṇanti. Bhesajjakapālakānipi kesañci susaṇṭhānāni, kesañci dussaṇṭhānāni pāpuṇanti, na te tattha sumanā vā dummanā vā honti. Vaṇappaṭicchādanamatteneva hi coḷakena bhesajjapaṭiggahaṇamatteneva ca kapālakena tesamattho, evameva yo bhikkhu vaṇacoḷakaṃ viya cīvaraṃ, bhesajjakapālakaṃ viya pattaṃ, kapāle bhesajjamiva ca patte laddhaṃ bhikkhaṃ sallakkheti. Ayaṃ saṅghāṭipattacīvaradhāraṇe asammohasampajaññena uttamasampajānakārīti veditabbo.

Asitādīsu asiteti piṇḍapātabhojane. Pīteti yāguādipāne. Khāyiteti piṭṭhakhajjakādikhādane. Sāyiteti madhuphāṇitādisāyane. Tattha ‘‘neva davāyā’’tiādinā nayena vutto aṭṭhavidhopi attho attho nāma. Tassa vasena sātthakasampajaññaṃ veditabbaṃ. Lūkhapaṇītatittamadhurādīsu pana yena bhojanena yassa aphāsu hoti, taṃ tassa asappāyaṃ. Yaṃ pana nimittakammādivasena paṭiladdhaṃ, yañcassa bhuñjato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyanti, taṃ ekantaasappāyameva. Viparītaṃ sappāyaṃ. Tassa vasenettha sappāyasampajaññaṃ, kammaṭṭhānāvijahanavaseneva ca gocarasampajaññaṃ veditabbaṃ.

Abbhantare attā nāma koci bhuñjako natthi, vuttappakāracittakiriyavāyodhātuvipphāravaseneva pana pattapaṭiggahaṇaṃ nāma hoti. Cittakiriyavāyodhātuvipphāreneva hatthassa patte otāraṇaṃ nāma hoti. Cittakiriyavāyodhātuvipphāreneva ālopakaraṇaṃ ālopauddharaṇaṃ mukhavivaraṇañca hoti. Na koci kuñcikāya yantakena ca hanukaṭṭhīni vivarati, cittakiriyavāyodhātuvipphāreneva ālopassa mukhe ṭhapanaṃ, uparidantānaṃ musalakiccasādhanaṃ, heṭṭhādantānaṃ udukkhalakiccasādhanaṃ, jivhāya hatthakiccasādhanañca hoti.

Iti taṃ tattha aggajivhāya tanukakheḷo mūlajivhāya bahalakheḷo makkheti. Taṃ heṭṭhādantaudukkhale jivhāhatthaparivattitaṃ kheḷaudakatemitaṃ uparidantamusalasañcuṇṇitaṃ koci kaṭacchunā vā dabbiyā vā antopavesento nāma natthi, vāyodhātuyāva pavisati. Paviṭṭhaṃ paviṭṭhaṃ koci palālasantharaṃ katvā dhārento nāma natthi, vāyodhātuvaseneva tiṭṭhati. Ṭhitaṃ ṭhitaṃ koci uddhanaṃ katvā aggiṃ jāletvā pacanto nāma natthi, tejodhātuyāva paccati. Pakkaṃ pakkaṃ koci daṇḍena vā yaṭṭhiyā vā bahi nīhārako nāma natthi, vāyodhātuyeva nīharati.

Iti vāyodhātu atiharati ca vītiharati ca dhāreti ca parivatteti ca sañcuṇṇeti visoseti ca nīharati ca. Pathavīdhātu dhāreti ca parivatteti ca sañcuṇṇeti ca visoseti ca. Āpodhātu sineheti ca allattañca anupāleti. Tejodhātu antopaviṭṭhaṃ paripāceti. Ākāsadhātu añjaso hoti. Viññāṇadhātu tattha tattha sammāpayogamanvāya ābhujatīti evaṃpavattapaṭisaṅkhānavasenettha asammohasampajaññaṃ veditabbaṃ.

Apica gamanato pariyesanato paribhogato āsayato nidhānato aparipakkato paripakkato phalato nissandato sammakkhaṇatoti evaṃ dasavidhapaṭikūlabhāvapaccavekkhaṇatopettha asammohasampajaññaṃ veditabbaṃ. Vitthārakathā panettha visuddhimagge āhārapaṭikūlasaññāniddesato gahetabbā.

Uccārapassāvakammeti uccārassa ca passāvassa ca karaṇe. Tattha pattakāle uccārapassāvaṃ akarontassa sakalasarīrato sedā muccanti, akkhīni bhamanti, cittaṃ na ekaggaṃ hoti, aññe ca rogā uppajjanti. Karontassa pana sabbaṃ taṃ na hotīti ayamettha attho. Tassa vasena sātthakasampajaññaṃ veditabbaṃ. Aṭṭhāne uccārapassāvaṃ karontassa pana āpatti hoti, ayaso vaḍḍhati, jīvitantarāyo hoti. Patirūpe ṭhāne karontassa sabbaṃ taṃ na hotīti idamettha sappāyaṃ. Tassa vasena sappāyasampajaññaṃ, kammaṭṭhānāvijahanavaseneva ca gocarasampajaññaṃ veditabbaṃ.

Abbhantare attā nāma koci uccārapassāvaṃ karonto natthi. Cittakiriyavāyodhātuvipphāreneva pana uccārapassāvakammaṃ hoti. Yathā pana pakke gaṇḍe gaṇḍabhedena pubbalohitaṃ akāmatāya nikkhamati, yathā ca atibharitā udakabhājanā udakaṃ akāmatāya nikkhamati, evaṃ pakkāsayamuttavatthīsu sannicitā uccārapassāvā vāyuvegasamuppīḷitā akāmatāyapi nikkhamanti. So panāyaṃ evaṃ nikkhamanto uccārapassāvo neva tassa bhikkhuno attano hoti, na parassa. Kevalaṃ sarīranissandova hoti. Yathā kiṃ? Yathā udakakumbhato purāṇaudakaṃ chaḍḍentassa neva taṃ attano hoti, na paresaṃ. Kevalaṃ paṭijagganamattameva hoti. Evaṃpavattapaṭisaṅkhānavasenettha asammohasampajaññaṃ veditabbaṃ.

Gatādīsu gateti gamane. Ṭhiteti ṭhāne. Nisinneti nisajjāya. Sutteti sayane. Jāgariteti jāgaraṇe. Bhāsiteti kathane. Tuṇhībhāveti akathane. ‘‘Gacchanto vā gacchāmīti pajānāti, ṭhito vā ṭhitomhīti pajānāti, nisinno vā nisinnomhīti pajānāti, sayāno vā sayānomhīti pajānātī’’ti imasmiñhi ṭhāne addhānairiyāpathā kathitā. ‘‘Abhikkante paṭikkante ālokite vilokite samiñjite pasārite’’ti imasmiṃ majjhimā. ‘‘Gate ṭhite nisinne sutte jāgarite’’ti idha pana khuddakacuṇṇikairiyāpathā kathitā. Tasmā etesupi vuttanayeneva sampajānakāritā veditabbā.

Tipiṭakamahāsīvatthero panāha – yo ciraṃ gantvā vā caṅkamitvā vā aparabhāge ṭhito iti paṭisañcikkhati ‘‘caṅkamanakāle pavattā rūpārūpadhammā ettheva niruddhā’’ti, ayaṃ gate sampajānakārī nāma. Yo sajjhāyaṃ vā karonto pañhaṃ vā vissajjento kammaṭṭhānaṃ vā manasikaronto ciraṃ ṭhatvā aparabhāge nisinno iti paṭisañcikkhati ‘‘ṭhitakāle pavattā rūpārūpadhammā ettheva niruddhā’’ti, ayaṃ ṭhite sampajānakārī nāma. Yo sajjhāyādikaraṇavaseneva ciraṃ nisīditvā aparabhāge nipanno iti paṭisañcikkhati ‘‘nisinnakāle pavattā rūpārūpadhammā ettheva niruddhā’’ti, ayaṃ nisinne sampajānakārī nāma. Yo pana nipannako sajjhāyaṃ vā karonto kammaṭṭhānaṃ vā manasikaronto niddaṃ okkamitvā aparabhāge vuṭṭhāya iti paṭisañcikkhati ‘‘sayanakāle pavattā rūpārūpadhammā ettheva niruddhā’’ti, ayaṃ sutte jāgarite ca sampajānakārī nāma. Kiriyamayacittānañhi appavattaṃ suttaṃ nāma, pavattaṃ jāgaritaṃ nāmāti. Yo pana bhāsamāno ‘‘ayaṃ saddo nāma oṭṭhe ca paṭicca dante ca jivhañca tāluñca paṭicca cittassa tadanurūpaṃ payogaṃ paṭicca jāyatī’’ti sato sampajāno bhāsati, ciraṃ vā pana kālaṃ sajjhāyaṃ vā katvā dhammaṃ vā kathetvā kammaṭṭhānaṃ vā parivattetvā pañhaṃ vā vissajjetvā aparabhāge tuṇhībhūto iti paṭisañcikkhati ‘‘bhāsitakāle uppannā rūpārūpadhammā ettheva niruddhā’’ti, ayaṃ bhāsite sampajānakārī nāma. Yo tuṇhībhūto ciraṃ dhammaṃ vā kammaṭṭhānaṃ vā manasikatvā aparabhāge iti paṭisañcikkhati ‘‘tuṇhībhūtakāle pavattā rūpārūpadhammā ettheva niruddhā, upādārūpapavattiyā sati bhāsati nāma, asati tuṇhī bhavati nāmā’’ti, ayaṃ tuṇhībhāve sampajānakārī nāmāti.

Tayidaṃ mahāsīvattherena vuttaṃ asammohadhuraṃ imasmiṃ satipaṭṭhānasutte adhippetaṃ. Sāmaññaphale pana sabbampi catubbidhaṃ sampajaññaṃ labbhati. Tasmā visesato ettha asammohasampajaññasseva vasena sampajānakāritā veditabbā. Sampajānakārī sampajānakārīti ca sabbapadesu satisampayuttasseva sampajaññassa vasenattho veditabbo. Vibhaṅgappakaraṇe pana, ‘‘sato sampajāno abhikkamati, sato sampajāno paṭikkamatī’’ti (vibha. 523) evametāni padāni vibhattāneva.

Iti ajjhattaṃ vāti evaṃ catusampajaññapariggahaṇena attano vā kāye, parassa vā kāye, kālena vā attano, kālena vā parassa kāye kāyānupassī viharati. Idha samudayavayadhammānupassītiādīsu rūpakkhandhasseva samudayo ca vayo ca nīharitabbo. Sesaṃ vuttasadisameva.

Idha catusampajaññapariggāhikā sati dukkhasaccaṃ, tassā samuṭṭhāpikā purimataṇhā samudayasaccaṃ, ubhinnaṃ appavatti nirodhasaccaṃ, vuttappakāro ariyamaggo maggasaccaṃ. Evaṃ catusaccavasena ussakkitvā nibbutiṃ pāpuṇātīti idamekassa catusampajaññapariggāhakassa bhikkhuno vasena yāva arahattā niyyānamukhanti.

Catusampajaññapabbavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Paṭikūlamanasikārapabbavaṇṇanā

110. Evaṃ catusampajaññavasena kāyānupassanaṃ vibhajitvā idāni paṭikūlamanasikāravasena vibhajituṃ puna caparantiādimāha. Tattha imameva kāyantiādīsu yaṃ vattabbaṃ siyā, taṃ sabbaṃ sabbākārena vitthārato visuddhimagge kāyagatāsatikammaṭṭhāne vuttaṃ. Ubhatomukhāti heṭṭhā ca upari cāti dvīhi mukhehi yuttā. Nānāvihitassāti nānāvidhassa.

Idaṃ panettha opammasaṃsandanaṃ – ubhatomukhā putoḷi viya hi cātumahābhūtiko kāyo, tattha missetvā pakkhittanānāvidhadhaññaṃ viya kesādayo dvattiṃsākārā, cakkhumā puriso viya yogāvacaro, tassa taṃ putoḷiṃ muñcitvā paccavekkhato nānāvidhadhaññassa pākaṭakālo viya yogino dvattiṃsākārassa vibhūtākāro veditabbo.

Iti ajjhattaṃ vāti evaṃ kesādipariggahaṇena attano vā kāye, parassa vā kāye, kālena vā attano, kālena vā parassa kāye kāyānupassī viharati, ito paraṃ vuttanayameva. Kevalañhi idha dvattiṃsākārapariggāhikā sati dukkhasaccanti evaṃ yojanaṃ katvā niyyānamukhaṃ veditabbaṃ. Sesaṃ purimasadisamevāti.

Paṭikūlamanasikārapabbavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Dhātumanasikārapabbavaṇṇanā

111. Evaṃ paṭikūlamanasikāravasena kāyānupassanaṃ vibhajitvā idāni dhātumanasikāravasena vibhajituṃ puna caparantiādimāha. Tatrāyaṃ opammasaṃsandanena saddhiṃ atthavaṇṇanā – yathā koci goghātako vā tasseva vā bhattavetanabhato antevāsiko gāviṃ vadhitvā vinivijjhitvā catasso disā gatānaṃ mahāpathānaṃ vemajjhaṭṭhānasaṅkhāte catumahāpathe koṭṭhāsaṃ koṭṭhāsaṃ katvā nisinno assa, evameva bhikkhu catunnaṃ iriyāpathānaṃ yena kenaci ākārena ṭhitattā yathāṭhitaṃ, yathāṭhitattā ca yathāpaṇihitaṃ kāyaṃ – ‘‘atthi imasmiṃ kāye pathavīdhātu…pe… vāyodhātū’’ti evaṃ paccavekkhati.

Kiṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yathā goghātakassa gāviṃ posentassāpi āghātanaṃ āharantassāpi āharitvā tattha bandhitvā ṭhapentassāpi vadhentassāpi vadhitaṃ mataṃ passantassāpi tāvadeva gāvīti saññā na antaradhāyati, yāva naṃ padāletvā bīlaso na vibhajati. Vibhajitvā nisinnassa pana gāvīti saññā antaradhāyati, maṃsasaññā pavattati, nāssa evaṃ hoti ‘‘ahaṃ gāviṃ vikkiṇāmi, ime gāviṃ harantī’’ti. Atha khvassa ‘‘ahaṃ maṃsaṃ vikkiṇāmi, ime maṃsaṃ haranti’’cceva hoti, evameva imassāpi bhikkhuno pubbe bālaputhujjanakāle gihibhūtassāpi pabbajitassāpi tāvadeva sattoti vā puggaloti vā saññā na antaradhāyati, yāva imameva kāyaṃ yathāṭhitaṃ yathāpaṇihitaṃ ghanavinibbhogaṃ katvā dhātuso na paccavekkhati. Dhātuso paccavekkhato panassa sattasaññā antaradhāyati, dhātuvaseneva cittaṃ santiṭṭhati. Tenāha bhagavā – ‘‘imameva kāyaṃ yathāṭhitaṃ yathāpaṇihitaṃ dhātuso paccavekkhati, atthi imasmiṃ kāye pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātūti. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, dakkho goghātako vā…pe… vāyodhātū’’ti.

Goghātako viya hi yogī, gāvīti saññā viya sattasaññā, catumahāpatho viya catuiriyāpatho, bīlaso vibhajitvā nisinnabhāvo viya dhātuso paccavekkhaṇanti ayamettha pāḷivaṇṇanā, kammaṭṭhānakathā pana visuddhimagge vitthāritā.

Iti ajjhattaṃ vāti evaṃ catudhātupariggahaṇena attano vā kāye, parassa vā kāye, kālena vā attano, kālena vā parassa kāye kāyānupassī viharati. Ito paraṃ vuttanayameva. Kevalañhi idha catudhātupariggāhikā sati dukkhasaccanti evaṃ yojanaṃ katvā niyyānamukhaṃ veditabbaṃ. Sesaṃ purimasadisamevāti.

Dhātumanasikārapabbavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Navasivathikapabbavaṇṇanā

112. Evaṃ dhātumanasikāravasena kāyānupassanaṃ vibhajitvā idāni navahi sivathikapabbehi vibhajituṃ, puna caparantiādimāha. Tattha seyyathāpi passeyyāti yathā passeyya. Sarīranti matasarīraṃ. Sivathikāya chaḍḍītanti susāne apaviddhaṃ. Ekāhaṃ matassa assāti ekāhamataṃ. Dvīhaṃ matassa assāti dvīhamataṃ. Tīhaṃ matassa assāti tīhamataṃ. Bhastā viya vāyunā uddhaṃ jīvitapariyādānā yathānukkamaṃ samuggatena sūnabhāvena uddhumātattā uddhumātakaṃ. Vinīlaṃ vuccati viparibhinnavaṇṇaṃ. Vilīnameva vinīlakaṃ. Paṭikūlattā vā kucchitaṃ vinīlanti vinīlakaṃ. Maṃsussadaṭṭhānesu rattavaṇṇassa pubbasannicayaṭṭhānesu setavaṇṇassa yebhuyyena ca nīlavaṇṇassa nīlaṭṭhānesu nīlasāṭakapārutasseva chavasarīrassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Paribhinnaṭṭhānehi navahi vā vaṇamukhehi visandamānaṃ pubbaṃ vipubbaṃ. Vipubbameva vipubbakaṃ, paṭikūlattā vā kucchitaṃ vipubbanti vipubbakaṃ. Vipubbakaṃ jātaṃ tathābhāvaṃ gatanti vipubbakajātaṃ.

So imameva kāyanti so bhikkhu imaṃ attano kāyaṃ tena kāyena saddhiṃ ñāṇena upasaṃharati upaneti. Kathaṃ? Ayampi kho kāyo evaṃdhammo evaṃbhāvī evaṃanatītoti. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – āyu, usmā, viññāṇanti imesaṃ tiṇṇaṃ dhammānaṃ atthitāya ayaṃ kāyo ṭhānagamanādikhamo hoti imesaṃ pana vigamā ayampi evaṃdhammo evaṃpūtikasabhāvoyeva, evaṃbhāvī evaṃuddhumātādibhedo bhavissati, evaṃanatīto evaṃuddhumātādibhāvaṃ anatikkantoti.

Iti ajjhattaṃ vāti evaṃ uddhumātādipariggahaṇena attano vā kāye, parassa vā kāye, kālena vā attano, kālena vā parassa kāye kāyānupassī viharati.

Khajjamānanti udarādīsu nisīditvā udaramaṃsaoṭṭhamaṃsaakkhikūṭādīni luñcitvā luñcitvā khādiyamānaṃ. Samaṃsalohitanti sesāvasesamaṃsalohitayuttaṃ. Nimaṃsalohitamakkhitanti maṃse khīṇepi lohitaṃ na sussati, taṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ ‘‘nimaṃsalohitamakkhita’’nti. Aññenāti aññena disābhāgena. Hatthaṭṭhikanti catusaṭṭhibhedampi hatthaṭṭhikaṃ pāṭiyekkaṃ vippakiṇṇaṃ. Pādaṭṭhikādīsupi eseva nayo. Terovassikānīti atikkantasaṃvaccharāni. Pūtīnīti abbhokāse ṭhitāni vātātapavuṭṭhisamphassena terovassikāneva pūtīni honti. Antobhūmigatāni pana cirataraṃ tiṭṭhanti. Cuṇṇakajātānīti cuṇṇaṃ cuṇṇaṃ hutvā vippakiṇṇāni. Sabbattha so imamevāti vuttanayena khajjamānādīnaṃ vasena yojanā kātabbā.

Iti ajjhattaṃ vāti evaṃ khajjamānādipariggahaṇena yāva cuṇṇakabhāvā attano vā kāye, parassa vā kāye, kālena vā attano, kālena vā parassa kāye kāyānupassī viharati.

Idha pana ṭhatvā navasivathikā samodhānetabbā. ‘‘Ekāhamataṃ vā’’tiādinā nayena vuttā sabbāpi ekā, ‘‘kākehi vā khajjamāna’’ntiādikā ekā, ‘‘aṭṭhikasaṅkhalikaṃ samaṃsalohitaṃ nhārusambandha’’nti ekā, ‘‘nimaṃsalohitamakkhitaṃ nhārusambandha’’nti ekā, ‘‘apagatamaṃsalohitaṃ nhārusambandha’’nti ekā, ‘‘aṭṭhikāni apagatasambandhānī’’tiādikā ekā, ‘‘aṭṭhikāni setāni saṅkhavaṇṇapaṭibhāgānī’’ti ekā, ‘‘puñjakitāni terovassikānī’’ti ekā, ‘‘pūtīni cuṇṇakajātānī’’ti ekā.

Evaṃ kho, bhikkhaveti idaṃ navasivathikā dassetvā kāyānupassanaṃ niṭṭhapento āha. Tattha navasivathikapariggāhikā sati dukkhasaccaṃ, tassā samuṭṭhāpikā purimataṇhā samudayasaccaṃ, ubhinnaṃ appavatti nirodhasaccaṃ, dukkhaparijānano samudayapajahano nirodhārammaṇo ariyamaggo maggasaccaṃ. Evaṃ catusaccavaseneva ussakkitvā nibbutiṃ pāpuṇātīti idaṃ navasivathikapariggāhakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ yāva arahattā niyyānamukhanti.

Navasivathikapabbavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Ettāvatā ca ānāpānapabbaṃ iriyāpathapabbaṃ catusampajaññapabbaṃ paṭikūlamanasikārapabbaṃ dhātumanasikārapabbaṃ navasivathikapabbānīti cuddasapabbā kāyānupassanā niṭṭhitā hoti.

Tattha ānāpānapabbaṃ paṭikūlamanasikārapabbanti imāneva dve appanākammaṭṭhānāni. Sivathikānaṃ pana ādīnavānupassanāvasena vuttattā sesāni dvādasāpi upacārakammaṭṭhānānevāti.

Kāyānupassanā niṭṭhitā.

Vedanānupassanāvaṇṇanā

113. Evaṃ bhagavā cuddasavidhena kāyānupassanāsatipaṭṭhānaṃ kathetvā idāni navavidhena vedanānupassanaṃ kathetuṃ kathañca, bhikkhavetiādimāha. Tattha sukhaṃ vedananti kāyikaṃ vā cetasikaṃ vā sukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayamāno ‘‘ahaṃ sukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayāmī’’ti pajānātīti attho. Tattha kāmaṃ uttānaseyyakāpi dārakā thaññapivanādikāle sukhaṃ vedayamānā ‘‘sukhaṃ vedayāmā’’ti pajānanti, na panetaṃ evarūpaṃ jānanaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Evarūpaṃ jānanaṃ hi sattūpaladdhiṃ na jahati, sattasaññaṃ na ugghāṭeti, kammaṭṭhānaṃ vā satipaṭṭhānabhāvanā vā na hoti. Imassa pana bhikkhuno jānanaṃ sattūpaladdhiṃ jahati, sattasaññaṃ ugghāṭeti, kammaṭṭhānaṃ ceva satipaṭṭhānabhāvanā ca hoti. Idañhi ‘‘ko vedayati, kassa vedanā, kiṃ kāraṇā vedanā’’ti evaṃ sampajānavediyanaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ.

Tattha ko vedayatīti na koci satto vā puggalo vā vedayati. Kassa vedanāti na kassaci sattassa vā puggalassa vā vedanā. Kiṃ kāraṇā vedanāti vatthuārammaṇāva panassa vedanā. Tasmā esa evaṃ pajānāti – ‘‘taṃ taṃ sukhādīnaṃ vatthuṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā vedanāva vedayati. Taṃ pana vedanāpavattiṃ upādāya ‘ahaṃ vedayāmī’ti vohāramattaṃ hotī’’ti. Evaṃ vedanāva vatthuṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā vedanāva vedayatīti sallakkhento esa ‘‘sukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayāmī’’ti pajānātīti veditabbo. Cittalapabbate aññataro thero viya. Thero kira aphāsukakāle balavavedanāya nitthunanto aparāparaṃ parivattati. Tameko daharo āha ‘‘kataraṃ vo, bhante, ṭhānaṃ rujjatī’’ti. Āvuso, pāṭiyekkaṃ rujjanaṭṭhānaṃ nāma natthi, vatthuṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā vedanāva vedayatīti. Evaṃ jānanakālato paṭṭhāya adhivāsetuṃ vaṭṭati no, bhanteti. Adhivāsemi āvusoti. Adhivāsanā, bhante, seyyāti. Thero adhivāsesi. Tato vāto yāva hadayā phālesi, mañcake antāni rāsikatāni ahesuṃ. Thero daharassa dassesi ‘‘vaṭṭatāvuso, ettakā adhivāsanā’’ti. Daharo tuṇhī ahosi. Thero vīriyasamataṃ yojetvā saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ pāpuṇitvā samasīsī hutvā parinibbāyi.

Yathā ca sukhaṃ, evaṃ dukkhaṃ…pe… nirāmisaṃ adukkhamasukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayamāno ‘‘nirāmisaṃ adukkhamasukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayāmī’’ti pajānāti. Iti bhagavā rūpakammaṭṭhānaṃ kathetvā arūpakammaṭṭhānaṃ kathento vedanāvasena kathesi. Duvidhañhi kammaṭṭhānaṃ rūpakammaṭṭhānañca arūpakammaṭṭhānañca. Rūpapariggaho arūpapariggahotipi etadeva vuccati. Tattha bhagavā rūpakammaṭṭhānaṃ kathento saṅkhepamanasikāravasena vā vitthāramanasikāravasena vā catudhātuvavatthānaṃ kathesi. Tadubhayampi sabbākārato visuddhimagge dassitameva.

Arūpakammaṭṭhānaṃ pana kathento yebhuyyena vedanāvasena katheti. Tividho hi arūpakammaṭṭhāne abhiniveso phassavasena vedanāvasena cittavasenāti. Kathaṃ? Ekaccassa hi saṃkhittena vā vitthārena vā pariggahite rūpakammaṭṭhāne tasmiṃ ārammaṇe cittacetasikānaṃ paṭhamābhinipāto taṃ ārammaṇaṃ phusanto uppajjamāno phasso pākaṭo hoti. Ekaccassa taṃ ārammaṇaṃ anubhavantī uppajjamānā vedanā pākaṭā hoti. Ekaccassa taṃ ārammaṇaṃ pariggahetvā vijānantaṃ uppajjamānaṃ viññāṇaṃ pākaṭaṃ hoti. Tattha yassa phasso pākaṭo hoti, sopi ‘‘na kevalaṃ phassova uppajjati, tena saddhiṃ tadeva ārammaṇaṃ anubhavamānā vedanāpi uppajjati, sañjānanamānā saññāpi, cetayamānā cetanāpi, vijānanamānaṃ viññāṇampi uppajjatī’’ti phassapañcamakeyeva pariggaṇhāti. Yassa vedanā pākaṭā hoti. So ‘‘na kevalaṃ vedanāva uppajjati, tāya saddhiṃ tadevārammaṇaṃ phusamāno phassopi uppajjati, sañjānanamānā saññāpi, cetayamānā cetanāpi, vijānanamānaṃ viññāṇampi uppajjatī’’ti phassapañcamakeyeva pariggaṇhāti. Yassa viññāṇaṃ pākaṭaṃ hoti, so ‘‘na kevalaṃ viññāṇameva uppajjati, tena saddhiṃ tadevārammaṇaṃ phusamāno phassopi uppajjati, anubhavamānā vedanāpi, sañjānanamānā saññāpi, cetayamānā cetanāpi uppajjatī’’ti phassapañcamakeyeva pariggaṇhāti.

So ‘‘ime phassapañcamakā dhammā kiṃ nissitā’’ti upadhārento ‘‘vatthuṃ nissitā’’ti pajānāti. Vatthu nāma karajakāyo, yaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ ‘‘idañca me viññāṇaṃ ettha sitaṃ ettha paṭibaddha’’nti (dī. ni. 1.234,235; ma. ni. 2.252). So atthato bhūtāni ceva upādārūpāni ca. Evamettha ‘‘vatthu rūpaṃ, phassapañcamakā nāma’’nti nāmarūpamattameva passati. Rūpaṃ cettha rūpakkhandho, nāmaṃ cattāro arūpino khandhāti pañcakkhandhamattaṃ hoti. Nāmarūpavinimuttā hi pañcakkhandhā, pañcakkhandhavinimuttañca nāmarūpaṃ natthi.

So ‘‘ime pañcakkhandhā kiṃ hetukā’’ti upaparikkhanto ‘‘avijjādihetukā’’ti passati. Tato paccayo ceva paccayuppannañca idaṃ, añño satto vā puggalo vā natthi, suddhasaṅkhārapuñjamattamevāti sappaccayanāmarūpavasena tilakkhaṇaṃ āropetvā vipassanāpaṭipāṭiyā ‘‘aniccaṃ dukkhaṃ anattā’’ti sammasanto vicarati.

So ‘‘ajja ajjā’’ti paṭivedhaṃ ākaṅkhamāno tathārūpe divase utusappāya puggalasappāya bhojanasappāya dhammassavanasappāyaṃ labhitvā ekapallaṅkena nisinno vipassanaṃ matthakaṃ pāpetvā arahatte patiṭṭhāti. Evaṃ imesampi tiṇṇaṃ janānaṃ yāva arahattā kammaṭṭhānaṃ kathitaṃ hoti.

Idha pana bhagavā arūpakammaṭṭhānaṃ kathento vedanāvasena kathesi. Phassavasena vā hi viññāṇavasena vā kathīyamānaṃ na pākaṭaṃ hoti, andhakāraṃ viya khāyati. Vedanāvasena pana pākaṭaṃ hoti. Kasmā? Vedanānaṃ uppattipākaṭatāya. Sukhadukkhavedanānañhi uppatti pākaṭā. Yadā sukhaṃ uppajjati, sakalasarīraṃ khobhentaṃ maddantaṃ pharamānaṃ abhisandayamānaṃ satadhotaṃ sappiṃ khādāpayantaṃ viya satapākatelaṃ makkhayamānaṃ viya ghaṭasahassena pariḷāhaṃ nibbāpayamānaṃ viya ‘‘aho sukhaṃ aho sukha’’nti vācaṃ nicchārayamānameva uppajjati. Yadā dukkhaṃ uppajjati, sakalasarīraṃ khobhentaṃ maddantaṃ pharamānaṃ abhisandayamānaṃ tattaphālaṃ pavesentaṃ viya vilīnatambalohena āsiñcantaṃ viya sukkhatiṇavanappatimhi araññe dāruukkākalāpaṃ khipamānaṃ viya ‘‘aho dukkhaṃ aho dukkha’’nti vippalāpayamānameva uppajjati. Iti sukhadukkhavedanānaṃ uppatti pākaṭā hoti.

Adukkhamasukhā pana duddīpanā andhakārāva avibhūtā. Sā sukhadukkhānaṃ apagame sātāsātappaṭikkhepavasena majjhattākārabhūtā adukkhamasukhā vedanāti nayato gaṇhantassa pākaṭā hoti. Yathā kiṃ? Yathā antarā piṭṭhipāsāṇaṃ ārohitvā palātassa migassa anupathaṃ gacchanto migaluddako piṭṭhipāsāṇassa orabhāgepi parabhāgepi padaṃ disvā majjhe apassantopi ‘‘ito āruḷho, ito oruḷho, majjhe piṭṭhipāsāṇe iminā padesena gato bhavissatī’’ti nayato jānāti, evaṃ āruḷhaṭṭhāne padaṃ viya hi sukhavedanāya uppatti pākaṭā hoti. Oruḷhaṭṭhāne padaṃ viya dukkhavedanāya uppatti pākaṭā hoti. ‘‘Ito āruyha ito oruyha majjhe evaṃ gato’’ti nayato gahaṇaṃ viya sukhadukkhānaṃ apagame sātāsātappaṭikkhepavasena majjhattākārabhūtā adukkhamasukhā vedanāti nayato gaṇhantassa pākaṭā hoti. Evaṃ bhagavā paṭhamaṃ rūpakammaṭṭhānaṃ kathetvā pacchā arūpakammaṭṭhānaṃ vedanāvasena nibbattetvāva dassesi.

Na kevalañca idheva evaṃ dassesi, cūḷataṇhāsaṅkhaye, mahātaṇhāsaṅkhaye, cūḷavedalle, mahāvedalle, raṭṭhapālasutte, māgaṇḍiyasutte, dhātuvibhaṅge, āneñjasappāye, dīghanikāyamhi mahānidāne, sakkapañhe, mahāsatipaṭṭhāne, saṃyuttamhi cūḷanidānasutte, rukkhopame, parivīmaṃsanasutte, sakale vedanāsaṃyutteti evaṃ anekesu suttesu paṭhamaṃ rūpakammaṭṭhānaṃ kathetvā pacchā arūpakammaṭṭhānaṃ vedanāvasena nibbattetvā dassesi. Yathā ca tesu, evaṃ imasmimpi satipaṭṭhānasutte paṭhamaṃ rūpakammaṭṭhānaṃ kathetvā pacchā arūpakammaṭṭhānaṃ vedanāvasena nibbattetvā dassesi.

Tattha sukhaṃ vedanantiādīsu ayaṃ aparopi pajānanapariyāyo – sukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayāmīti pajānātīti sukhavedanākkhaṇe dukkhāya vedanāya abhāvato sukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayamāno ‘‘sukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayāmī’’ti pajānāti. Tena yā pubbe anubhūtapubbā dukkhā vedanā, tassā idāni abhāvato imissā ca sukhāya vedanāya ito paṭhamaṃ abhāvato vedanā nāma aniccā adhuvā vipariṇāmadhammā, itiha tattha sampajāno hoti.

Vuttampi cetaṃ bhagavatā –

‘‘Yasmiṃ aggivessana samaye sukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedeti, neva tasmiṃ samaye dukkhaṃ vedanaṃ vedeti, na adukkhamasukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedeti, sukhaṃyeva tasmiṃ samaye vedanaṃ vedeti, yasmiṃ aggivessana samaye dukkhaṃ…pe… adukkhamasukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedeti, neva tasmiṃ samaye sukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedeti, na dukkhaṃ vedanaṃ vedeti, adukkhamasukhaññeva tasmiṃ samaye vedanaṃ vedeti. Sukhāpi kho aggivessana vedanā aniccā saṅkhatā paṭiccasamuppannā khayadhammā vayadhammā virāgadhammā nirodhadhammā. Dukkhāpi kho…pe… adukkhamasukhāpi kho aggivessana vedanā aniccā…pe… nirodhadhammā. Evaṃ passaṃ aggivessana sutavā ariyasāvako sukhāyapi vedanāya dukkhāyapi vedanāya adukkhamasukhāyapi vedanāya nibbindati, nibbindaṃ virajjati, virāgā vimuccati, vimuttasmiṃ vimuttamiti ñāṇaṃ hoti. ‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānātī’’ti (ma. ni. 2.205).

Sāmisaṃ vā sukhantiādīsu sāmisā sukhā nāma pañcakāmaguṇāmisanissitā cha gehasitasomanassavedanā. Nirāmisā sukhā nāma cha nekkhammasitasomanassavedanā. Sāmisā dukkhā nāma cha gehasitadomanassavedanā. Nirāmisā dukkhā nāma cha nekkhammasitadomanassavedanā. Sāmisā adukkhamasukhā nāma cha gehasitaupekkhā vedanā. Nirāmisā adukkhamasukhā nāma cha nekkhammasitaupekkhā vedanā. Tāsaṃ vibhāgo uparipaṇṇāsake pāḷiyaṃ āgatoyeva.

Iti ajjhattaṃ vāti evaṃ sukhavedanādipariggahaṇena attano vā vedanāsu, parassa vā vedanāsu, kālena vā attano, kālena vā parassa vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharati. Samudayavayadhammānupassī vāti ettha pana ‘‘avijjāsamudayā vedanāsamudayo’’tiādīhi (paṭi. ma. 1.50) pañcahi pañcahi ākārehi vedanānaṃ samudayañca vayañca passanto samudayadhammānupassī vā vedanāsu viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā vedanāsu viharati, kālena samudayadhammānupassī vā, kālena vayadhammānupassī vā vedanāsu viharatīti veditabbo. Ito paraṃ kāyānupassanāyaṃ vuttanayameva.

Kevalañhi idha vedanāpariggāhikā sati dukkhasaccanti evaṃ yojanaṃ katvā vedanāpariggāhakassa bhikkhuno niyyānamukhaṃ veditabbaṃ. Sesaṃ tādisamevāti.

Vedanānupassanā niṭṭhitā.

Cittānupassanāvaṇṇanā

114. Evaṃ navavidhena vedanānupassanāsatipaṭṭhānaṃ kathetvā idāni soḷasavidhena cittānupassanaṃ kathetuṃ kathañca, bhikkhavetiādimāha. Tattha sarāganti aṭṭhavidhaṃ lobhasahagataṃ. Vītarāganti lokiyakusalābyākataṃ. Idaṃ pana yasmā sammasanaṃ na dhammasamodhānaṃ, tasmā idha ekapadepi lokuttaraṃ na labbhati. Sesāni cattāri akusalacittāni neva purimapadaṃ, na pacchimapadaṃ bhajanti. Sadosanti duvidhaṃ dosasahagataṃ. Vītadosanti lokiyakusalābyākataṃ. Sesāni dasākusalacittāni neva purimaṃ padaṃ, na pacchimaṃ padaṃ bhajanti. Samohanti vicikicchāsahagatañceva uddhaccasahagatañcāti duvidhaṃ. Yasmā pana moho sabbākusalesu uppajjati, tasmā tānipi idha vaṭṭantiyeva. Imasmiṃyeva hi duke dvādasākusalacittāni pariyādiṇṇānīti. Vītamohanti lokiyakusalābyākataṃ. Saṃkhittanti thinamiddhānupatitaṃ, etañhi saṃkuṭitacittaṃ nāma. Vikkhittanti uddhaccasahagataṃ, etañhi pasaṭacittaṃ nāma.

Mahaggatanti rūpārūpāvacaraṃ. Amahaggatanti kāmāvacaraṃ. Sauttaranti kāmāvacaraṃ. Anuttaranti rūpāvacarañca arūpāvacarañca. Tatrāpi sauttaraṃ rūpāvacaraṃ, anuttaraṃ arūpāvacarameva. Samāhitanti yassa appanāsamādhi upacārasamādhi vā atthi. Asamāhitanti ubhayasamādhivirahitaṃ. Vimuttanti tadaṅgavikkhambhanavimuttīhi vimuttaṃ. Avimuttanti ubhayavimuttivirahitaṃ, samucchedapaṭippassaddhinissaraṇavimuttīnaṃ pana idha okāsova natthi.

Iti ajjhattaṃ vāti evaṃ sarāgādipariggahaṇena yasmiṃ yasmiṃ khaṇe yaṃ yaṃ cittaṃ pavattati, taṃ taṃ sallakkhento attano vā citte, parassa vā citte, kālena vā attano, kālena vā parassa citte cittānupassī viharati. Samudayavayadhammānupassīti ettha pana ‘‘avijjāsamudayā viññāṇasamudayo’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.50) evaṃ pañcahi pañcahi ākārehi viññāṇassa samudayo ca vayo ca nīharitabbo. Ito paraṃ vuttanayameva.

Kevalañhi idha cittapariggāhikā sati dukkhasaccanti evaṃ yojanaṃ katvā cittapariggāhakassa bhikkhuno niyyānamukhaṃ veditabbaṃ. Sesaṃ tādisamevāti.

Cittānupassanāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Dhammānupassanā nīvaraṇapabbavaṇṇanā

115. Evaṃ soḷasavidhena cittānupassanāsatipaṭṭhānaṃ kathetvā idāni pañcavidhena dhammānupassanaṃ kathetuṃ kathañca, bhikkhavetiādimāha. Apica bhagavatā kāyānupassanāya suddharūpapariggaho kathito, vedanācittānupassanāhi suddhaarūpapariggaho. Idāni rūpārūpamissakapariggahaṃ kathetuṃ ‘‘kathañca, bhikkhave’’tiādimāha. Kāyānupassanāya vā rūpakkhandhapariggahova kathito, vedanānupassanāya vedanākkhandhapariggahova, cittānupassanāya viññāṇakkhandhapariggahovāti idāni saññāsaṅkhārakkhandhapariggahampi kathetuṃ ‘‘kathañca, bhikkhave’’tiādimāha.

Tattha santanti abhiṇhasamudācāravasena saṃvijjamānaṃ. Asantanti asamudācāravasena vā pahīnattā vā avijjamānaṃ. Yathā cāti yena kāraṇena kāmacchandassa uppādo hoti. Tañca pajānātīti tañca kāraṇaṃ pajānāti. Iminā nayena sabbapadesu attho veditabbo.

Tattha subhanimitte ayonisomanasikārena kāmacchandassa uppādo hoti. Subhanimittaṃ nāma subhampi subhanimittaṃ, subhārammaṇampi subhanimittaṃ. Ayonisomanasikāro nāma anupāyamanasikāro uppathamanasikāro anicce niccanti vā dukkhe sukhanti vā anattani attāti vā asubhe subhanti vā manasikāro, taṃ tattha bahulaṃ pavattayato kāmacchando uppajjati. Tenāha bhagavā – ‘‘atthi, bhikkhave, subhanimittaṃ, tattha ayonisomanasikārabahulīkāro, ayamāhāro anuppannassa vā kāmacchandassa uppādāya uppannassa vā kāmacchandassa bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāyā’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.232).

Asubhanimitte pana yonisomanasikārenassa pahānaṃ hoti. Asubhanimittaṃ nāma asubhampi asubhārammaṇampi. Yonisomanasikāro nāma upāyamanasikāro pathamanasikāro anicce aniccanti vā dukkhe dukkhanti vā anattani anattāti vā asubhe asubhanti vā manasikāro, taṃ tattha bahulaṃ pavattayato kāmacchando pahīyati. Tenāha bhagavā – ‘‘atthi, bhikkhave, asubhanimittaṃ, tattha yonisomanasikārabahulīkāro, ayamanāhāro anuppannassa vā kāmacchandassa anuppādāya uppannassa vā kāmacchandassa pahānāyā’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.232).

Apica cha dhammā kāmacchandassa pahānāya saṃvattanti asubhanimittassa uggaho asubhabhāvanānuyogo indriyesu guttadvāratā bhojane mattaññutā kalyāṇamittatā sappāyakathāti. Dasavidhañhi asubhanimittaṃ uggaṇhantassāpi kāmacchando pahīyati, bhāventassāpi, indriyesu pihitadvārassāpi, catunnaṃ pañcannaṃ ālopānaṃ okāse sati udakaṃ pivitvā yāpanasīlatāya bhojane mattaññunopi. Tenetaṃ vuttaṃ –

‘‘Cattāro pañca ālope, abhutvā udakaṃ pive;

Alaṃ phāsuvihārāya, pahitattassa bhikkhuno’’ti. (theragā. 983);

Asubhakammikatissattherasadise asubhabhāvanārate kalyāṇamitte sevantassāpi kāmacchando pahīyati, ṭhānanisajjādīsu dasaasubhanissitasappāyakathāyapi pahīyati. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘cha dhammā kāmacchandassa pahānāya saṃvattantī’’ti. Imehi pana chahi dhammehi pahīnassa kāmacchandassa arahattamaggena āyatiṃ anuppādo hotīti pajānāti.

Paṭighanimitte ayonisomanasikārena pana byāpādassa uppādo hoti. Tattha paṭighampi paṭighanimittaṃ, paṭighārammaṇampi paṭighanimittaṃ. Ayonisomanasikāro sabbattha ekalakkhaṇova. Taṃ tasmiṃ nimitte bahulaṃ pavattayato byāpādo uppajjati. Tenāha bhagavā – ‘‘atthi, bhikkhave, paṭighanimittaṃ, tattha ayonisomanasikārabahulīkāro, ayamāhāro anuppannassa vā byāpādassa uppādāya uppannassa vā byāpādassa bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāyā’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.232).

Mettāya pana cetovimuttiyā yonisomanasikārenassa pahānaṃ hoti. Tattha tattha ‘‘mettā’’ti vutte appanāpi upacāropi vaṭṭati. ‘‘Cetovimuttī’’ti appanāva. Yonisomanasikāro vuttalakkhaṇova. Taṃ tattha bahulaṃ pavattayato byāpādo pahīyati. Tenāha bhagavā – ‘‘atthi, bhikkhave, mettā cetovimutti, tattha yonisomanasikārabahulīkāro, ayamanāhāro anuppannassa vā byāpādassa anuppādāya uppannassa vā byāpādassa pahānāyā’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.232).

Apica cha dhammā byāpādassa pahānāya saṃvattanti mettānimittassa uggaho mettābhāvanānuyogo kammassakatāpaccavekkhaṇā paṭisaṅkhānabahutā kalyāṇamittatā sappāyakathāti. Odhisakaanodhisakadisāpharaṇānañhi aññataravasena mettaṃ uggaṇhantassāpi byāpādo pahīyati, odhiso anodhiso disāpharaṇavasena mettaṃ bhāventassāpi. ‘‘Tvaṃ etassa kuddho kiṃ karissasi, kimassa sīlādīni nāsetuṃ sakkhissasi, nanu tvaṃ attano kammena āgantvā attano kammeneva gamissasi, parassa kujjhanaṃ nāma vītaccitaṅgāra-tattaayasalāka-gūthādīni gahetvā paraṃ paharitukāmatāsadisaṃ hoti. Esopi tava kuddho kiṃ karissati, kiṃ te sīlādīni vināsetuṃ sakkhissati, esa attano kammeneva āgantvā attano kammena gamissati, appaṭicchitapaheṇakaṃ viya paṭivātaṃ khittarajomuṭṭhi viya ca etassevesa kodho matthake patissatī’’ti evaṃ attano ca parassa ca kammassakataṃ paccavekkhatopi, ubhayakammassakataṃ paccavekkhitvā paṭisaṅkhāne ṭhitassāpi, assaguttattherasadise mettābhāvanārate kalyāṇamitte sevantassāpi byāpādo pahīyati. Ṭhānanisajjādīsu mettānissitasappāyakathāyapi pahīyati. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘cha dhammā byāpādassa pahānāya saṃvattantī’’ti. Imehi pana chahi dhammehi pahīnassa byāpādassa anāgāmimaggena āyatiṃ anuppādo hotīti pajānāti.

Aratiādīsu ayonisomanasikārena thinamiddhassa uppādo hoti. Arati nāma ukkaṇṭhitā. Tandī nāma kāyālasiyatā. Vijambhitā nāma kāyavināmanā. Bhattasammado nāma bhattamucchā bhattapariḷāho. Cetaso līnattaṃ nāma cittassa līnākāro. Imesu aratiādīsu ayonisomanasikāraṃ bahulaṃ pavattayato thinamiddhaṃ uppajjati. Tenāha – ‘‘atthi, bhikkhave, arati tandī vijambhitā bhattasammado cetaso līnattaṃ, tattha ayonisomanasikārabahulīkāro, ayamāhāro anuppannassa vā thinamiddhassa uppādāya uppannassa vā thinamiddhassa bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāyā’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.232).

Ārambhadhātuādīsu pana yonisomanasikārenassa pahānaṃ hoti. Ārambhadhātu nāma paṭhamārambhavīriyaṃ. Nikkamadhātu nāma kosajjato nikkhantatāya tato balavataraṃ. Parakkamadhātu nāma paraṃ paraṃ ṭhānaṃ akkamanato tatopi balavataraṃ. Imasmiṃ tippabhede vīriye yonisomanasikāraṃ bahulaṃ pavattayato thinamiddhaṃ pahīyati. Tenāha – ‘‘atthi, bhikkhave, ārambhadhātu nikkamadhātu parakkamadhātu, tattha yonisomanasikārabahulīkāro, ayamāhāro anuppannassa vā thinamiddhassa anuppādāya uppannassa vā thinamiddhassa pahānāyā’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.232).

Apica cha dhammā thinamiddhassa pahānāya saṃvattanti, atibhojane nimittaggāho iriyāpathasamparivattanatā ālokasaññāmanasikāro abbhokāsavāso kalyāṇamittatā sappāyakathāti. Āharahatthakatatravaṭṭakaalaṃsāṭakakākamāsakabhuttavamitakabhojanaṃ bhuñjitvā rattiṭṭhāne divāṭṭhāne nisinnassa hi samaṇadhammaṃ karoto thinamiddhaṃ mahāhatthī viya ottharantaṃ āgacchati. Catupañcaālopaokāsaṃ pana ṭhapetvā pānīyaṃ pivitvā yāpanasīlassa bhikkhuno taṃ na hotīti evaṃ atibhojane nimittaṃ gaṇhantassāpi thinamiddhaṃ pahīyati. Yasmiṃ iriyāpathe thinamiddhaṃ okkamati, tato aññaṃ parivattentassāpi, rattiṃ candālokadīpālokaukkāloke divā sūriyālokaṃ manasikarontassāpi, abbhokāse vasantassāpi, mahākassapattherasadise pahīnathinamiddhe kalyāṇamitte sevantassāpi thinamiddhaṃ pahīyati. Ṭhānanisajjādīsu dhutaṅganissitasappāyakathāyapi pahīyati. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘cha dhammā thinamiddhassa pahānāya saṃvattantī’’ti. Imehi pana chahi dhammehi pahīnassa thinamiddhassa arahattamaggena āyatiṃ anuppādo hotīti pajānāti.

Cetaso avūpasame ayonisomanasikārena uddhaccakukkuccassa uppādo hoti. Avūpasamo nāma avūpasantākāro. Uddhaccakukkuccamevetaṃ atthato. Tattha ayonisomanasikāraṃ bahulaṃ pavattayato uddhaccakukkuccaṃ uppajjati. Tenāha ‘‘atthi, bhikkhave, cetaso avūpasamo, tattha ayonisomanasikārabahulīkāro, ayamāhāro anuppannassa vā uddhaccakukkuccassa uppādāya uppannassa vā uddhaccakukkuccassa bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāyā’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.232).

Samādhisaṅkhāte pana cetaso vūpasame yonisomanasikārenassa pahānaṃ hoti. Tenāha – ‘‘atthi, bhikkhave, cetaso vūpasamo, tattha yonisomanasikārabahulīkāro, ayamāhāro anuppannassa vā uddhaccakukkuccassa anuppādāya uppannassa vā uddhaccakukkuccassa pahānāyā’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.232).

Apica cha dhammā uddhaccakukkuccassa pahānāya saṃvattanti bahussutatā paripucchakatā vinaye pakataññutā vuddhasevitā kalyāṇamittatā sappāyakathāti. Bāhusaccenapi hi ekaṃ vā dve vā tayo vā cattāro vā pañca vā nikāye pāḷivasena ca atthavasena ca uggaṇhantassāpi uddhaccakukkuccaṃ pahīyati. Kappiyākappiyaparipucchābahulassāpi, vinayapaññattiyaṃ ciṇṇavasibhāvatāya pakataññunopi, vuddhe mahallakatthere upasaṅkamantassāpi, upālittherasadise vinayadhare kalyāṇamitte sevantassāpi uddhaccakukkuccaṃ pahīyati. Ṭhānanisajjādīsu kappiyākappiyanissitasappāyakathāyapi pahīyati. Tena vuttaṃ – ‘‘cha dhammā uddhaccakukkuccassa pahānāya saṃvattantī’’ti. Imehi pana chahi dhammehi pahīne uddhaccakukkucce uddhaccassa arahattamaggena kukkuccassa anāgāmimaggena āyatiṃ anuppādo hotīti pajānāti.

Vicikicchāṭṭhānīyesu dhammesu ayonisomanasikārena vicikicchāya uppādo hoti. Vicikicchāṭṭhānīyā dhammā nāma punappunaṃ vicikicchāya kāraṇattā vicikicchāva. Tattha ayonisomanasikāraṃ bahulaṃ pavattayato vicikicchā uppajjati. Tenāha – ‘‘atthi, bhikkhave, vicikicchāṭṭhānīyā dhammā, tattha ayonisomanasikārabahulīkāro, ayamāhāro anuppannāya vā vicikicchāya uppādāya uppannāya vā vicikicchāya bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāyā’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.232).

Kusalādīsu dhammesu yonisomanasikārena panassā pahānaṃ hoti. Tenāha – ‘‘atthi, bhikkhave, kusalākusalā dhammā sāvajjānavajjā dhammā sevitabbāsevitabbā dhammā hīnappaṇītā dhammā kaṇhasukkasappaṭibhāgā dhammā, tattha yonisomanasikārabahulīkāro, ayamāhāro anuppannāya vā vicikicchāya anuppādāya uppannāya vā vicikicchāya pahānāyā’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.232).

Apica cha dhammā vicikicchāya pahānāya saṃvattanti bahussutatā paripucchakatā vinaye pakataññutā adhimokkhabahulatā kalyāṇamittatā sappāyakathāti. Bāhusaccenapi hi ekaṃ vā…pe… pañca vā nikāye pāḷivasena atthavasena ca uggaṇhantassāpi vicikicchā pahīyati. Tīṇi ratanāni ārabbha paripucchābahulassāpi, vinaye ciṇṇavasibhāvassāpi, tīsu ratanesu okappaniyasaddhāsaṅkhātaadhimokkhabahulassāpi, saddhādhimutte vakkalittherasadise kalyāṇamitte sevantassāpi vicikicchā pahīyati. Ṭhānanisajjādīsu tiṇṇaṃ ratanānaṃ guṇanissitasappāyakathāyapi pahīyati. Tena vuttaṃ – ‘‘cha dhammā vicikicchāya pahānāya saṃvattantī’’ti. Imehi pana chahi dhammehi pahīnāya vicikicchāya sotāpattimaggena āyatiṃ anuppādo hotīti pajānāti.

Iti ajjhattaṃ vāti evaṃ pañcanīvaraṇapariggahaṇena attano vā dhammesu, parassa vā dhammesu, kālena vā attano, kālena vā parassa dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati. Samudayavayā panettha subhanimitta asubhanimittādīsu ayonisomanasikārayonisomanasikāravasena pañcasu nīvaraṇesu vuttanayena nīharitabbā. Ito paraṃ vuttanayameva.

Kevalañhi idha nīvaraṇapariggāhikā sati dukkhasaccanti evaṃ yojanaṃ katvā nīvaraṇapariggāhakassa bhikkhuno niyyānamukhaṃ veditabbaṃ. Sesaṃ tādisamevāti.

Nīvaraṇapabbavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Khandhapabbavaṇṇanā

116. Evaṃ pañcanīvaraṇavasena dhammānupassanaṃ vibhajitvā idāni pañcakkhandhavasena vibhajituṃ puna caparantiādimāha. Tattha pañcasu upādānakkhandhesūti upādānassa khandhā upādānakkhandhā, upādānassa paccayabhūtā dhammapuñjā dhammarāsayoti attho. Ayamettha saṅkhepo. Vitthārato pana khandhakathā visuddhimagge vuttā. Iti rūpanti ‘‘idaṃ rūpaṃ, ettakaṃ rūpaṃ, na ito paraṃ rūpaṃ atthī’’ti sabhāvato rūpaṃ pajānāti. Vedanādīsupi eseva nayo. Ayamettha saṅkhepo. Vitthārena pana rūpādīni visuddhimagge khandhakathāyameva vuttāni. Iti rūpassa samudayoti evaṃ avijjāsamudayādivasena pañcahākārehi rūpassa samudayo. Iti rūpassa atthaṅgamoti evaṃ avijjānirodhādivasena pañcahākārehi rūpassa atthaṅgamo, vedanādīsupi eseva nayo. Ayamettha saṅkhepo. Vitthāro pana visuddhimagge udayabbayañāṇakathāyaṃ vutto.

Iti ajjhattaṃ vāti evaṃ pañcakkhandhapariggahaṇena attano vā dhammesu, parassa vā dhammesu, kālena vā attano, kālena vā parassa dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati. Samudayavayā panettha ‘‘avijjāsamudayā rūpasamudayo’’tiādīnaṃ (paṭi. ma. 1.50) pañcasu khandhesu vuttānaṃ paññāsāya lakkhaṇānaṃ vasena nīharitabbā. Ito paraṃ vuttanayameva.

Kevalañhi idha khandhapariggāhikā sati dukkhasaccanti evaṃ yojanaṃ katvā khandhapariggāhakassa bhikkhuno niyyānamukhaṃ veditabbaṃ. Sesaṃ tādisamevāti.

Khandhapabbavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Āyatanapabbavaṇṇanā

117. Evaṃ pañcakkhandhavasena dhammānupassanaṃ vibhajitvā idāni āyatanavasena vibhajituṃ puna caparantiādimāha. Tattha chasu ajjhattikabāhiresu āyatanesūti cakkhu sotaṃ ghānaṃ jivhā kāyo manoti imesu chasu ajjhattikesu rūpaṃ saddo gandho raso phoṭṭhabbo dhammāti imesu chasu bāhiresu. Cakkhuṃ ca pajānātīti cakkhupasādaṃ yāthāvasarasalakkhaṇavasena pajānāti. Rūpe ca pajānātīti bahiddhā catusamuṭṭhānikarūpañca yāthāvasarasalakkhaṇavasena pajānāti. Yañca tadubhayaṃ paṭicca uppajjati saṃyojananti yañca taṃ cakkhuṃ ceva rūpe cāti ubhayaṃ paṭicca kāmarāgasaṃyojanaṃ paṭigha-māna-diṭṭhi-vicikicchā-sīlabbataparāmāsa-bhavarāga-issā-macchariyāvijjāsaṃyojananti dasavidhaṃ saṃyojanaṃ uppajjati, tañca yāthāvasarasalakkhaṇavasena pajānāti.

Kathaṃ panetaṃ uppajjatīti? Cakkhudvāre tāva āpāthagataṃ iṭṭhārammaṇaṃ kāmassādavasena assādayato abhinandato kāmarāgasaṃyojanaṃ uppajjati. Aniṭṭhārammaṇe kujjhato paṭighasaṃyojanaṃ uppajjati. ‘‘Ṭhapetvā maṃ na koci añño etaṃ ārammaṇaṃ vibhāvetuṃ samattho atthī’’ti maññato mānasaṃyojanaṃ uppajjati. ‘‘Etaṃ rūpārammaṇaṃ niccaṃ dhuva’’nti gaṇhato diṭṭhisaṃyojanaṃ uppajjati. ‘‘Etaṃ rūpārammaṇaṃ satto nu kho, sattassa nu kho’’ti vicikicchato vicikicchāsaṃyojanaṃ uppajjati. ‘‘Sampattibhave vata no idaṃ sulabhaṃ jāta’’nti bhavaṃ patthentassa bhavarāgasaṃyojanaṃ uppajjati. ‘‘Āyatimpi evarūpaṃ sīlabbataṃ samādiyitvā sakkā laddhu’’nti sīlabbataṃ samādiyantassa sīlabbataparāmāsasaṃyojanaṃ uppajjati. ‘‘Aho vata etaṃ rūpārammaṇaṃ aññe na labheyyu’’nti usūyato issāsaṃyojanaṃ uppajjati. Attanā laddhaṃ rūpārammaṇaṃ aññassa maccharāyato macchariyasaṃyojanaṃ uppajjati. Sabbeheva sahajātaaññāṇavasena avijjāsaṃyojanaṃ uppajjati.

Yathā ca anuppannassāti yena kāraṇena asamudācāravasena anuppannassa tassa dasavidhassāpi saṃyojanassa uppādo hoti, tañca kāraṇaṃ pajānāti. Yathā ca uppannassāti appahīnaṭṭhena pana samudācāravasena vā uppannassa tassa dasavidhassāpi saṃyojanassa yena kāraṇena pahānaṃ hoti, tañca kāraṇaṃ pajānāti. Yathā ca pahīnassāti tadaṅgavikkhambhanappahānavasena pahīnassāpi tassa dasavidhassa saṃyojanassa yena kāraṇena āyatiṃ anuppādo hoti, tañca pajānāti. Kena kāraṇena panassa āyatiṃ anuppādo hoti? Diṭṭhivicikicchāsīlabbataparāmāsaissāmacchariyabhedassa tāva pañcavidhassa saṃyojanassa sotāpattimaggena āyatiṃ anuppādo hoti. Kāmarāgapaṭighasaṃyojanadvayassa oḷārikassa sakadāgāmimaggena, aṇusahagatassa anāgāmimaggena, mānabhavarāgāvijjāsaṃyojanattayassa arahattamaggena āyatiṃ anuppādo hoti.

Sotañca pajānāti sadde cā tiādīsupi eseva nayo. Apicettha āyatanakathā vitthārato visuddhimagge āyatananiddese vuttanayeneva veditabbā.

Iti ajjhattaṃ vāti evaṃ ajjhattikāyatanapariggahaṇena attano vā dhammesu, bāhirāyatanapariggahaṇena parassa vā dhammesu, kālena vā attano, kālena vā parassa dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati. Samudayavayā panettha ‘‘avijjāsamudayā cakkhusamudayo’’ti rūpāyatanassa rūpakkhandhe, arūpāyatanesu manāyatanassa viññāṇakkhandhe, dhammāyatanassa sesakkhandhesu vuttanayena nīharitabbā. Lokuttaradhammā na gahetabbā. Ito paraṃ vuttanayameva.

Kevalañhi idha āyatanapariggāhikā sati dukkhasaccanti evaṃ yojanaṃ katvā āyatanapariggāhakassa bhikkhuno niyyānamukhaṃ veditabbaṃ. Sesaṃ tādisamevāti.

Āyatanapabbavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Bojjhaṅgapabbavaṇṇanā

118. Evaṃ cha ajjhattikabāhirāyatanavasena dhammānupassanaṃ vibhajitvā idāni bojjhaṅgavasena vibhajituṃ puna caparanti ādimāha. Tattha bojjhaṅgesūti bujjhanakasattassa aṅgesu. Santanti paṭilābhavasena saṃvijjamānaṃ. Satisambojjhaṅganti satisaṅkhātaṃ sambojjhaṅgaṃ. Ettha hi sambujjhati āraddhavipassakato paṭṭhāya yogāvacaroti sambodhi, yāya vā so satiādikāya sattadhammasāmaggiyā sambujjhati kilesaniddāto uṭṭhāti, saccāni vā paṭivijjhati, sā dhammasāmaggī sambodhi. Tassa sambodhissa, tassā vā sambodhiyā aṅganti sambojjhaṅgaṃ. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘satisaṅkhātaṃ sambojjhaṅga’’nti. Sesasambojjhaṅgesupi imināva nayena vacanattho veditabbo.

Asantanti appaṭilābhavasena avijjamānaṃ. Yathā ca anuppannassātiādīsu pana satisambojjhaṅgassa tāva – ‘‘atthi, bhikkhave, satisambojjhaṅgaṭṭhānīyā dhammā, tattha yonisomanasikārabahulīkāro, ayamāhāro anuppannassa vā satisambojjhaṅgassa uppādāya, uppannassa vā satisambojjhaṅgassa bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā saṃvattatī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.183) evaṃ uppādo hoti. Tattha satiyeva satisambojjhaṅgaṭṭhānīyā dhammā. Yonisomanasikāro vuttalakkhaṇoyeva, taṃ tattha bahulaṃ pavattayato satisambojjhaṅgo uppajjati.

Apica cattāro dhammā satisambojjhaṅgassa uppādāya saṃvattanti satisampajaññaṃ muṭṭhassatipuggalaparivajjanatā upaṭṭhitassatipuggalasevanatā tadadhimuttatāti. Abhikkantādīsu hi sattasu ṭhānesu satisampajaññena bhattanikkhittakākasadise muṭṭhassatipuggale parivajjanena tissadattattheraabhayattherasadise upaṭṭhitassatipuggale sevanena ṭhānanisajjādīsu satisamuṭṭhāpanatthaṃ ninnapoṇapabbhāracittatāya ca satisambojjhaṅgo uppajjati. Evaṃ catūhi kāraṇehi uppannassa panassa arahattamaggena bhāvanāpāripūrī hotīti pajānāti.

Dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgassa pana – ‘‘atthi, bhikkhave, kusalākusalā dhammā…pe… kaṇhasukkasappaṭibhāgā dhammā, tattha yonisomanasikārabahulīkāro, ayamāhāro anuppannassa vā dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgassa uppādāya, uppannassa vā dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgassa bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā saṃvattatī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.232) evaṃ uppādo hoti.

Apica satta dhammā dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgassa uppādāya saṃvattanti paripucchakatā vatthuvisadakiriyā indriyasamattapaṭipādanā duppaññapuggalaparivajjanā paññavantapuggalasevanā gambhīrañāṇacariyapaccavekkhaṇā tadadhimuttatāti. Tattha paripucchakatāti khandhadhātuāyatanaindriyabalabojjhaṅgamaggaṅgajhānaṅgasamathavipassanānaṃ atthasannissitaparipucchābahulatā.

Vatthuvisadakiriyāti ajjhattikabāhirānaṃ vatthūnaṃ visadabhāvakaraṇaṃ. Yadā hissa kesanakhalomā atidīghā honti, sarīraṃ vā ussannadosañceva sedamalamakkhitañca, tadā ajjhattikaṃ vatthu avisadaṃ hoti aparisuddhaṃ. Yadā pana cīvaraṃ jiṇṇaṃ kiliṭṭhaṃ duggandhaṃ hoti, senāsanaṃ vā uklāpaṃ, tadā bāhiraṃ vatthu avisadaṃ hoti aparisuddhaṃ. Tasmā kesādicchedāpanena uddhaṃvirecanaadhovirecanādīhi sarīrasallahukabhāvakaraṇena ucchādananhāpanena ca ajjhattikaṃ vatthu visadaṃ kātabbaṃ.

Sūcikammadhovanarajanaparibhaṇḍakaraṇādīhi bāhiraṃ vatthu visadaṃ kātabbaṃ. Etasmiñhi ajjhattikabāhire vatthusmiṃ avisade uppannesu cittacetasikesu ñāṇampi aparisuddhaṃ hoti, aparisuddhāni dīpakapallakavaṭṭitelāni nissāya uppannadīpasikhāya obhāso viya. Visade pana ajjhattikabāhire vatthumhi uppannesu cittacetasikesu ñāṇampi visadaṃ hoti, parisuddhāni dīpakapallakavaṭṭitelāni nissāya uppannadīpasikhāya obhāso viya. Tena vuttaṃ – ‘‘vatthuvisadakiriyā dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgassa uppādāya saṃvattatī’’ti.

Indriyasamattapaṭipādanā nāma saddhādīnaṃ indriyānaṃ samabhāvakaraṇaṃ. Sace hissa saddhindriyaṃ balavaṃ hoti, itarāni mandāni. Tato vīriyindriyaṃ paggahakiccaṃ, satindriyaṃ upaṭṭhānakiccaṃ, samādhindriyaṃ avikkhepakiccaṃ, paññindriyaṃ dassanakiccaṃ kātuṃ na sakkoti. Tasmā taṃ dhammasabhāvapaccavekkhaṇena vā yathā vā manasikaroto balavaṃ jātaṃ, tathā amanasikārena hāpetabbaṃ. Vakkalittherassa vatthu cettha nidassanaṃ. Sace pana vīriyindriyaṃ balavaṃ hoti, atha neva saddhindriyaṃ adhimokkhakiccaṃ kātuṃ sakkoti, na itarāni itarakiccabhedaṃ. Tasmā taṃ passaddhādibhāvanāya hāpetabbaṃ. Tatrāpi soṇattherassa vatthu dassetabbaṃ. Evaṃ sesesupi ekassa balavabhāve sati itaresaṃ attano kiccesu asamatthatā veditabbā.

Visesato panettha saddhāpaññānaṃ samādhivīriyānaṃ ca samataṃ pasaṃsanti. Balavasaddho hi mandapañño mudhāpasanno hoti, avatthusmiṃ pasīdati. Balavapañño mandasaddho kerāṭikapakkhaṃ bhajati. Bhesajjasamuṭṭhito viya rogo atekiccho hoti. Cittuppādamatteneva kusalaṃ hotīti atidhāvitvā dānādīni akaronto niraye uppajjati. Ubhinnaṃ samatāya vatthusmiṃyeva pasīdati. Balavasamādhiṃ pana mandavīriyaṃ samādhissa kosajjapakkhattā kosajjaṃ adhibhavati. Balavavīriyaṃ mandasamādhiṃ vīriyassa uddhaccapakkhattā uddhaccaṃ adhibhavati. Samādhi pana vīriyena saṃyojito kosajje patituṃ na labhati. Vīriyaṃ samādhinā saṃyojitaṃ uddhacce patituṃ na labhati. Tasmā tadubhayaṃ samaṃ kātabbaṃ. Ubhayasamatāya hi appanā hoti.

Apica samādhikammikassa balavatīpi saddhā vaṭṭati. Evaṃ saddahanto okappento appanaṃ pāpuṇissati. Samādhipaññāsu pana samādhikammikassa ekaggatā balavatī vaṭṭati, evañhi so appanaṃ pāpuṇāti. Vipassanākammikassa paññā balavatī vaṭṭati, evañhi so lakkhaṇappaṭivedhaṃ pāpuṇāti. Ubhinnaṃ pana samatāyapi appanā hotiyeva. Sati pana sabbattha balavatī vaṭṭati. Sati hi cittaṃ uddhaccapakkhikānaṃ saddhāvīriyapaññānaṃ vasena uddhaccapātato, kosajjapakkhikena ca samādhinā kosajjapātato rakkhati. Tasmā sā loṇadhūpanaṃ viya sabbabyañjanesu sabbakammikaamacco viya ca sabbarājakiccesu sabbattha icchitabbā. Tenāha – ‘‘sati ca pana sabbatthikā vuttā bhagavatā. Kiṃ kāraṇā? Cittañhi sati paṭisaraṇaṃ, ārakkhapaccupaṭṭhānā ca sati, na ca vinā satiyā cittassa paggahaniggaho hotī’’ti.

Duppaññapuggalaparivajjanā nāma khandhādibhede anogāḷhapaññānaṃ dummedhapuggalānaṃ ārakāva parivajjanaṃ. Paññavantapuggalasevanā nāma samapaññāsalakkhaṇapariggāhikāya udayabbayapaññāya samannāgatapuggalasevanā. Gambhīrañāṇacariyapaccavekkhaṇā nāma gambhīresu khandhādīsu pavattāya gambhīrapaññāya pabhedapaccavekkhaṇā. Tadadhimuttatā nāma ṭhānanisajjādīsu dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgasamuṭṭhāpanatthaṃ ninnapoṇapabbhāracittatā. Evaṃ uppannassa panassa arahattamaggena bhāvanāpāripūrī hotīti pajānāti.

Vīriyasambojjhaṅgassa – ‘‘atthi, bhikkhave, ārabbhadhātu nikkamadhātu parakkamadhātu, tattha yoniso manasikārabahulīkāro, ayamāhāro anuppannassa vā vīriyasambojjhaṅgassa uppādāya, uppannassa vā vīriyasambojjhaṅgassa bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā saṃvattatī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.232) evaṃ uppādo hoti.

Apica ekādasa dhammā vīriyasambojjhaṅgassa uppādāya saṃvattanti apāyabhayapaccavekkhaṇatā ānisaṃsadassāvitā gamanavīthipaccavekkhaṇatā piṇḍapātāpacāyanatā dāyajjamahattapaccavekkhaṇatā satthumahattapaccavekkhaṇatā jātimahattapaccavekkhaṇatā sabrahmacārimahattapaccavekkhaṇatā kusītapuggalaparivajjanatā āraddhavīriyapuggalasevanatā tadadhimuttatāti.

Tattha nirayesu pañcavidhabandhanakammakāraṇato paṭṭhāya mahādukkhaṃ anubhavanakālepi, tiracchānayoniyaṃ jālakkhipakumīnādīhi gahitakālepi, pājanakaṇṭakādippahāratunnassa pana sakaṭavāhanādikālepi, pettivisaye anekānipi vassasahassāni ekaṃ buddhantarampi khuppipāsāhi āturitakālepi, kālakañjikaasuresu saṭṭhihatthaasītihatthappamāṇena aṭṭhicammamatteneva attabhāvena vātātapādidukkhānubhavanakālepi na sakkā vīriyasambojjhaṅgaṃ uppādetuṃ. Ayameva te bhikkhu kālo vīriyakaraṇāyāti evaṃ apāyabhayaṃ paccavekkhantassāpi vīriyasambojjhaṅgo uppajjati.

‘‘Na sakkā kusītena navalokuttaradhammaṃ laddhuṃ, āraddhavīriyeneva sakkā ayamānisaṃso vīriyassā’’ti evaṃ ānisaṃsadassāvinopi uppajjati. ‘‘Sabbabuddhapaccekabuddhamahāsāvakehi te gatamaggo gantabbo, so ca na sakkā kusītena gantu’’nti evaṃ gamanavīthiṃ paccavekkhantassāpi uppajjati. ‘‘Ye taṃ piṇḍapātādīhi upaṭṭhahanti, ime te manussā neva ñātakā, na dāsakammakarā, nāpi ‘taṃ nissāya jīvissāmā’ti te paṇītāni piṇḍapātādīni denti, atha kho attano kārānaṃ mahapphalataṃ paccāsīsamānā denti, satthārāpi ‘ayaṃ ime paccaye paribhuñjitvā kāyadaḷhībahulo sukhaṃ viharissatī’ti na evaṃ sampassatā tuyhaṃ paccayā anuññātā, atha kho ‘ayaṃ ime paribhuñjamāno samaṇadhammaṃ katvā vaṭṭadukkhato muccissatī’ti te paccayā anuññātā, so dāni tvaṃ kusīto viharanto na taṃ piṇḍaṃ apacāyissasi, āraddhavīriyasseva hi piṇḍapātāpacāyanaṃ nāma hotī’’ti evaṃ piṇḍapātāpacāyanaṃ paccavekkhantassāpi uppajjati mahāmittattherassa viya.

Thero kira kassakaleṇe nāma paṭivasati. Tassa ca gocaragāme ekā mahāupāsikā theraṃ puttaṃ katvā paṭijaggati. Sā ekadivasaṃ araññaṃ gacchantī dhītaraṃ āha – ‘‘amma asukasmiṃ ṭhāne purāṇataṇḍulā, asukasmiṃ khīraṃ, asukasmiṃ sappi, asukasmiṃ phāṇitaṃ, tava bhātikassa ayyamittassa āgatakāle bhattaṃ pacitvā khīrasappiphāṇitehi saddhiṃ dehi, tvaṃ ca bhuñjeyyāsi, ahaṃ pana hiyyo pakkaṃ pārivāsikabhattaṃ kañjikena bhuttāmhī’’ti. Divā kiṃ bhuñjissasi ammāti? Sākapaṇṇaṃ pakkhipitvā kaṇataṇḍulehi ambilayāguṃ pacitvā ṭhapehi ammāti.

Thero cīvaraṃ pārupitvā pattaṃ nīharantova taṃ saddaṃ sutvā attānaṃ ovadi – ‘‘mahāupāsikā kira kañjiyena pārivāsikabhattaṃ bhuñji, divāpi kaṇapaṇṇambilayāguṃ bhuñjissati, tuyhaṃ atthāya pana purāṇataṇḍulādīni ācikkhati, taṃ nissāya kho panesā neva khettaṃ na vatthuṃ na bhattaṃ na vatthaṃ paccāsīsati, tisso pana sampattiyo patthayamānā deti, tvaṃ etissā tā sampattiyo dātuṃ sakkhissasi na sakkhissasīti, ayaṃ kho pana piṇḍapāto tayā sarāgena sadosena samohena na sakkā gaṇhitunti pattaṃ thavikāya pakkhipitvā gaṇṭhikaṃ muñcitvā nivattitvā kassakaleṇameva gantvā pattaṃ heṭṭhāmañce cīvaraṃ cīvaravaṃse ṭhapetvā arahattaṃ apāpuṇitvā na nikkhamissāmī’’ti vīriyaṃ adhiṭṭhahitvā nisīdi. Dīgharattaṃ appamatto hutvā nivutthabhikkhu vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā purebhattameva arahattaṃ patvā vikasitaṃ viya padumaṃ mahākhīṇāsavo sitaṃ karontova nikkhami. Leṇadvāre rukkhamhi adhivatthā devatā –

‘‘Namo te purisājañña, namo te purisuttama;

Yassa te āsavā khīṇā, dakkhiṇeyyosi mārisā’’ti. –

Evaṃ udānaṃ udānetvā ‘‘bhante, piṇḍāya paviṭṭhānaṃ tumhādisānaṃ arahantānaṃ bhikkhaṃ datvā mahallakitthiyo dukkhā muccissantī’’ti āha.

Thero uṭṭhahitvā dvāraṃ vivaritvā kālaṃ olokento pātoyevāti ñatvā pattacīvaramādāya gāmaṃ pāvisi. Dārikāpi bhattaṃ sampādetvā ‘‘idāni me bhātā āgamissati, idāni āgamissatī’’ti dvāraṃ olokayamānā nisīdi. Sā there gharadvāraṃ sampatte pattaṃ gahetvā sappiphāṇitayojitassa khīrapiṇḍapātassa pūretvā hatthe ṭhapesi. Thero ‘‘sukhaṃ hotū’’ti anumodanaṃ katvā pakkāmi. Sāpi taṃ olokayamānāva aṭṭhāsi. Therassa hi tadā ativiya parisuddho chavivaṇṇo ahosi, vippasannāni indriyāni, mukhaṃ bandhanā pamuttatālapakkaṃ viya ativiya virocittha. Mahāupāsikā araññā āgantvā ‘‘kiṃ amma, bhātiko te āgato’’ti pucchi. Sā sabbaṃ taṃ pavattiṃ ārocesi. Sā upāsikā ‘‘ajja me puttassa pabbajitakiccaṃ matthakaṃ patta’’nti ñatvā ‘‘abhiramati te amma bhātā buddhasāsane na ukkaṇṭhatī’’ti āha.

‘‘Mahantaṃ kho panetaṃ satthu dāyajjaṃ, yadidaṃ sattaariyadhanaṃ nāma, taṃ na sakkā kusītena gahetuṃ. Yathā hi vippaṭipannaṃ puttaṃ mātāpitaro ‘ayaṃ amhākaṃ aputto’ti paribāhiraṃ karonti, so tesaṃ accayena dāyajjaṃ na labhati, evaṃ kusītopi idaṃ ariyadhanadāyajjaṃ na labhati, āraddhavīriyova labhatī’’ti dāyajjamahattataṃ paccavekkhatopi uppajjati. ‘‘Mahā kho pana te satthā, satthuno hi mātukucchismiṃ paṭisandhiggahaṇakālepi abhinikkhamanepi abhisambodhiyampi dhammacakkappavattanayamakapāṭihāriyadevorohaṇa-āyusaṅkhāravossajjanesupi parinibbānakālepi dasasahassilokadhātu kampittha, yuttaṃ nu te evarūpassa satthuno sāsane ‘pabbajitvā kusītena bhavitu’’’nti evaṃ satthumahattaṃ paccavekkhatopi uppajjati.

Jātiyāpi – ‘‘tvaṃ idāni na lāmakajātiko, asambhinnāya mahāsammatapaveṇiyā āgato, ukkākarājavaṃse jātosi, suddhodhanamahārājassa mahāmāyādeviyā ca nattā, rāhulabhaddassa kaniṭṭho, tayā nāma evarūpena jinaputtena hutvā na yuttaṃ kusītena viharitu’’nti evaṃ jātimahattaṃ paccavekkhatopi uppajjati. ‘‘Sāriputtamoggallānā ceva asīti ca mahāsāvakā vīriyeneva lokuttaradhammaṃ paṭivijjhiṃsu, tvaṃ etesaṃ sabrahmacārīnaṃ maggaṃ paṭipajjissasi na paṭipajjissasī’’ti evaṃ sabrahmacārimahattaṃ paccavekkhatopi uppajjati. Kucchiṃ pūretvā ṭhitaajagarasadise vissaṭṭhakāyikacetasikavīriye kusītapuggale parivajjantassāpi, āraddhavīriye pahitatte puggale sevantassāpi, ṭhānanisajjādīsu vīriyuppādanatthaṃ ninnapoṇapabbhāracittassāpi uppajjati. Evaṃ uppannassa panassa arahattamaggena bhāvanāpāripūrī hotīti pajānāti.

Pītisambojjhaṅgassa – ‘‘atthi, bhikkhave, pītisambojjhaṅgaṭṭhānīyā dhammā, tattha yonisomanasikārabahulīkāro, ayamāhāro anuppannassa vā pītisambojjhaṅgassa uppādāya, uppannassa vā pītisambojjhaṅgassa bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā saṃvattatī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.232) evaṃ uppādo hoti. Tattha pītiyeva pītisambojjhaṅgaṭṭhānīyā dhammā nāma, tassa uppādakamanasikāro yonisomanasikāro nāma.

Apica ekādasa dhammā pītisambojjhaṅgassa uppādāya saṃvattanti buddhānussati dhammasaṅghasīlacāgadevatānussati upasamānussati lūkhapuggalaparivajjanatā siniddhapuggalasevanatā pasādanīyasuttantapaccavekkhaṇatā tadadhimuttatāti.

Buddhaguṇe anussarantassāpi hi yāva upacārā sakalasarīraṃ pharamāno pītisambojjhaṅgo uppajjati. Dhammasaṅghaguṇe anussarantassāpi, dīgharattaṃ akhaṇḍaṃ katvā rakkhitaṃ catupārisuddhisīlaṃ paccavekkhantassāpi, gihino dasasīlapañcasīlaṃ paccavekkhantassāpi, dubbhikkhabhayādīsu paṇītaṃ bhojanaṃ sabrahmacārīnaṃ datvā ‘‘evaṃ nāma adamhā’’ti cāgaṃ paccavekkhantassāpi, gihinopi evarūpe kāle sīlavantānaṃ dinnadānaṃ paccavekkhantassāpi, yehi guṇehi samannāgatā devatā devattaṃ pattā, tathārūpānaṃ guṇānaṃ attani atthitaṃ paccavekkhantassāpi, ‘‘samāpattiyā vikkhambhitā kilesā saṭṭhipi, sattatipi vassāni na samudācarantī’’ti paccavekkhantassāpi, cetiyadassanabodhidassanatheradassanesu asakkaccakiriyāya saṃsūcitalūkhabhāve buddhādīsu pasādasinehābhāvena gadrabhapiṭṭhe rajasadise lūkhapuggale parivajjantassāpi, buddhādīsu pasādabahule muducitte siniddhapuggale sevantassāpi, ratanattayaguṇaparidīpake pasādanīye suttante paccavekkhantassāpi, ṭhānanisajjādīsu pītiuppādanatthaṃ ninnapoṇapabbhāracittassāpi uppajjati. Evaṃ uppannassa panassa arahattamaggena bhāvanāpāripūrī hotīti pajānāti.

Passaddhisambojjhaṅgassa – ‘‘atthi, bhikkhave, kāyapassaddhi cittapassaddhi, tattha yonisomanasikārabahulīkāro, ayamāhāro anuppannassa vā passaddhisambojjhaṅgassa uppādāya, uppannassa vā passaddhisambojjhaṅgassa bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā saṃvattatī’’ti evaṃ uppādo hoti.

Apica satta dhammā passaddhisambojjhaṅgassa uppādāya saṃvattanti paṇītabhojanasevanatā utusukhasevanatā iriyāpathasukhasevanatā majjhattapayogatā sāraddhakāyapuggalaparivajjanatā passaddhakāyapuggalasevanatā tadadhimuttatāti.

Paṇītañhi siniddhaṃ sappāyabhojanaṃ bhuñjantassāpi, sītuṇhesu utūsu ṭhānādīsu iriyāpathesu sappāyaṃ utuṃ ca iriyāpathaṃ ca sevantassāpi passaddhi uppajjati. Yo pana mahāpurisajātiko sabbautuiriyāpathakkhamova hoti, na taṃ sandhāyetaṃ vuttaṃ. Yassa sabhāgavisabhāgatā atthi, tasseva visabhāge utuiriyāpathe vajjetvā sabhāge sevantassāpi uppajjati. Majjhattapayogo vuccati attano ca parassa ca kammassakatāpaccavekkhaṇā, iminā majjhattapayogena uppajjati. Yo leḍḍudaṇḍādīhi paraṃ viheṭhayamānova vicarati. Evarūpaṃ sāraddhakāyaṃ puggalaṃ parivajjantassāpi, saṃyatapādapāṇiṃ passaddhakāyaṃ puggalaṃ sevantassāpi, ṭhānanisajjādīsu passaddhiuppādanatthāya ninnapoṇapabbhāracittassāpi uppajjati. Evaṃ uppannassa panassa arahattamaggena bhāvanāpāripūrī hotīti pajānāti.

Samādhisambojjhaṅgassa – ‘‘atthi, bhikkhave, samathanimittaṃ abyagganimittaṃ, tattha yonisomanasikārabahulīkāro, ayamāhāro anuppannassa vā samādhisambojjhaṅgassa uppādāya, uppannassa vā samādhisambojjhaṅgassa bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā saṃvattatī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.232) evaṃ uppādo hoti. Tattha samathova samathanimittaṃ, avikkhepaṭṭhena ca abyagganimittanti.

Apica ekādasa dhammā samādhisambojjhaṅgassa uppādāya saṃvattanti vatthuvisadakiriyatā indriyasamattapaṭipādanatā nimittakusalatā samaye cittassa paggahaṇatā samaye cittassa niggahaṇatā samaye sampahaṃsanatā samaye ajjhupekkhanatā asamāhitapuggalaparivajjanatā samāhitapuggalasevanatā jhānavimokkhapaccavekkhaṇatā tadadhimuttatāti. Tattha vatthuvisadakiriyatā ca indriyasamattapaṭipādanatā ca vuttanayeneva veditabbā.

Nimittakusalatā nāma kasiṇanimittassa uggahaṇakusalatā. Samaye cittassa paggahaṇatāti yasmiṃ samaye atisithilavīriyatādīhi līnaṃ cittaṃ hoti, tasmiṃ samaye dhammavicayavīriyasambojjhaṅgasamuṭṭhāpanena tassa paggahaṇaṃ. Samaye cittassa niggahaṇatāti yasmiṃ samaye accāraddhavīriyatādīhi uddhataṃ cittaṃ hoti, tasmiṃ samaye passaddhisamādhiupekkhāsambojjhaṅgasamuṭṭhāpanena tassa niggahaṇaṃ. Samaye sampahaṃsanatāti yasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ paññāpayogamandatāya vā upasamasukhānadhigamena vā nirassādaṃ hoti, tasmiṃ samaye aṭṭhasaṃvegavatthupaccavekkhaṇena saṃvejeti. Aṭṭha saṃvegavatthūni nāma jātijarābyādhimaraṇāni cattāri, apāyadukkhaṃ pañcamaṃ, atīte vaṭṭamūlakaṃ dukkhaṃ, anāgate vaṭṭamūlakaṃ dukkhaṃ, paccuppanne āhārapariyeṭṭhimūlakaṃ dukkhanti. Ratanattayaguṇānussaraṇena ca pasādaṃ janeti. Ayaṃ vuccati ‘‘samaye sampahaṃsanatā’’ti.

Samaye ajjhupekkhanatā nāma yasmiṃ samaye sammāpaṭipattiṃ āgamma alīnaṃ anuddhataṃ anirassādaṃ ārammaṇe samappavattaṃ samathavīthipaṭipannaṃ cittaṃ hoti, tadāssa paggahaniggahasampahaṃsanesu na byāpāraṃ āpajjati sārathi viya samappavattesu. Assesu. Ayaṃ vuccati ‘‘samaye ajjhupekkhanatā’’ti. Asamāhitapuggalaparivajjanatā nāma upacāraṃ vā appanaṃ vā appattānaṃ vikkhittacittānaṃ puggalānaṃ ārakā parivajjanaṃ. Samāhitapuggalasevanatā nāma upacārena vā appanāya vā samāhitacittānaṃ sevanā bhajanā payirupāsanā. Tadadhimuttatā nāma ṭhānanisajjādīsu samādhiuppādanatthaṃyeva ninnapoṇapabbhāracittatā. Evañhi paṭipajjato esa uppajjati. Evaṃ uppannassa panassa arahattamaggena bhāvanāpāripūrī hotīti pajānāti.

Upekkhāsambojjhaṅgassa – ‘‘atthi, bhikkhave, upekkhāsambojjhaṅgaṭṭhānīyā dhammā, tattha yonisomanasikārabahulīkāro, ayamāhāro anuppannassa vā upekkhāsambojjhaṅgassa uppādāya, uppannassa vā upekkhāsambojjhaṅgassa bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā saṃvattatī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.232) evaṃ uppādo hoti. Tattha upekkhāyeva upekkhāsambojjhaṅgaṭṭhānīyā dhammā nāma.

Apica pañca dhammā upekkhāsambojjhaṅgassa uppādāya saṃvattanti sattamajjhattatā saṅkhāramajjhattatā sattasaṅkhārakelāyanapuggalaparivajjanatā sattasaṅkhāramajjhattapuggalasevanatā tadadhimuttatāti.

Tattha dvīhākārehi sattamajjhattataṃ samuṭṭhāpeti – ‘‘tvaṃ attano kammena āgantvā attano kammena gamissasi, esopi attano kammena āgantvā attano kammena gamissati, tvaṃ kaṃ kelāyasī’’ti evaṃ kammassakatāpaccavekkhaṇena ca, ‘‘paramatthato sattoyeva natthi, so tvaṃ kaṃ kelāyasī’’ti evaṃ nissattapaccavekkhaṇena ca. Dvīhevākārehi saṅkhāramajjhattataṃ samuṭṭhāpeti – ‘‘idaṃ cīvaraṃ anupubbena vaṇṇavikāraṃ ceva jiṇṇabhāvaṃ ca upagantvā pādapuñchanacoḷakaṃ hutvā yaṭṭhikoṭiyā chaḍḍanīyaṃ bhavissati, sace panassa sāmiko bhaveyya, nāssa evaṃ vinassituṃ dadeyyā’’ti evaṃ asāmikabhāvaṃ paccavekkhaṇena, ‘‘anaddhaniyaṃ idaṃ tāvakālika’’nti evaṃ tāvakālikatāpaccavekkhaṇena ca. Yathā ca cīvare, evaṃ pattādīsupi yojanā kātabbā.

Sattasaṅkhārakelāyanapuggalaparivajjanatāti ettha yo puggalo gihi vā attano puttadhītādike, pabbajito vā attano antevāsikasamānupajjhāyakādike mamāyati, sahattheneva nesaṃ kesacchedanasūcikammacīvaradhovanarajanapattapacanādīni karoti, muhuttampi apassanto ‘‘asuko sāmaṇero kuhiṃ, asuko daharo kuhi’’nti bhantamigo viya ito cito ca āloketi, aññena kesacchedanādīnaṃ atthāya ‘‘muhuttaṃ tāva asukaṃ pesethā’’ti yācīyamānopi ‘‘amhepi taṃ attano kammaṃ na kārema, tumhe taṃ gahetvā kilamessathā’’ti na deti. Ayaṃ sattakelāyano nāma. Yo pana pattacīvarathālakakattarayaṭṭhiādīni mamāyati, aññassa hatthena parāmasitumpi na deti, tāvakālikaṃ yācito ‘‘mayampi idaṃ mamāyantā na paribhuñjāma, tumhākaṃ kiṃ dassāmā’’ti vadati. Ayaṃ saṅkhārakelāyano nāma. Yo pana tesu dvīsupi vatthūsu majjhatto udāsino. Ayaṃ sattasaṅkhāramajjhatto nāma. Iti ayaṃ upekkhāsambojjhaṅgo evarūpaṃ sattasaṅkhārakelāyanaṃ puggalaṃ ārakā parivajjantassāpi, sattasaṅkhāramajjhattapuggalaṃ sevantassāpi, ṭhānanisajjādīsu taduppādanatthaṃ ninnapoṇapabbhāracittassāpi uppajjati. Evaṃ uppannassa panassa arahattamaggena bhāvanāpāripūrī hotīti pajānāti.

Iti ajjhattaṃ vāti evaṃ attano vā satta sambojjhaṅge pariggaṇhitvā, parassa vā, kālena vā attano, kālena vā parassa bojjhaṅge pariggaṇhitvā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati. Samudayavayā panettha bojjhaṅgānaṃ nibbattinirodhavasena veditabbā. Ito paraṃ vuttanayameva.

Kevalañhi idha bojjhaṅgapariggāhikā sati dukkhasaccanti evaṃ yojanaṃ katvā bojjhaṅgapariggāhakassa bhikkhuno niyyānamukhaṃ veditabbaṃ. Sesaṃ tādisamevāti.

Bojjhaṅgapabbavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Catusaccapabbavaṇṇanā

119. Evaṃ sattabojjhaṅgavasena dhammānupassanaṃ vibhajitvā idāni catusaccavasena vibhajituṃ puna caparantiādimāha.

Tattha idaṃ dukkhanti yathābhūtaṃ pajānātīti ṭhapetvā taṇhaṃ tebhūmake dhamme ‘‘idaṃ dukkha’’nti yathāsabhāvato pajānāti, tasseva kho pana dukkhassa janikaṃ samuṭṭhāpikaṃ purimataṇhaṃ ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhasamudayo’’ti, ubhinnaṃ appavattiṃ nibbānaṃ ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodho’’ti, dukkhaparijānanaṃ samudayapajahanaṃ nirodhasacchikaraṇaṃ ariyamaggaṃ ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’’ti yathāsabhāvato pajānātīti attho. Avasesā ariyasaccakathā visuddhimagge vitthāritāyeva.

Iti ajjhattaṃ vāti evaṃ attano vā cattāri saccāni pariggaṇhitvā, parassa vā, kālena vā attano, kālena vā parassa cattāri saccāni pariggaṇhitvā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati. Samudayavayā panettha catunnaṃ saccānaṃ yathāsambhavato uppattinivattivasena veditabbā. Ito paraṃ vuttanayameva.

Kevalañhi idha catusaccapariggāhikā sati dukkhasaccanti evaṃ yojanaṃ katvā saccapariggāhakassa bhikkhuno niyyānamukhaṃ veditabbaṃ. Sesaṃ tādisamevāti.

Catusaccapabbavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Ettāvatā ānāpānaṃ catuiriyāpathaṃ catusampajaññaṃ dvattiṃsākāraṃ catudhātuvavatthānaṃ navasivathikā vedanānupassanā cittānupassanā nīvaraṇapariggaho khandhapariggaho āyatanapariggaho bojjhaṅgapariggaho saccapariggahoti ekavīsati kammaṭṭhānāni vuttāni. Tesu ānāpānaṃ dvattiṃsākāro navasivathikāti ekādasa appanākammaṭṭhānāni honti. Dīghabhāṇakamahāsīvatthero pana ‘‘navasivathikā ādīnavānupassanāvasena vuttā’’ti āha. Tasmā tassa matena dveyeva appanākammaṭṭhānāni, sesāni upacārakammaṭṭhānāni. Kiṃ panetesu sabbesu abhiniveso jāyatīti? Na jāyati. Iriyāpathasampajaññanīvaraṇabojjhaṅgesu hi abhiniveso na jāyati, sesesu jāyatīti. Mahāsīvatthero panāha – ‘‘etesupi abhiniveso jāyati, ayañhi atthi nu kho me cattāro iriyāpathā, udāhu natthi, atthi nu kho me catusampajaññaṃ, udāhu natthi, atthi nu kho me pañcanīvaraṇā, udāhu natthi, atthi nu kho me sattabojjhaṅgā, udāhu natthīti evaṃ pariggaṇhāti, tasmā sabbattha abhiniveso jāyatī’’ti.

137. Yo hi koci, bhikkhaveti yo hi koci bhikkhu vā bhikkhunī vā upāsako vā upāsikā vā. Evaṃ bhāveyyāti ādito paṭṭhāya vuttena bhāvanānukkamena bhāveyya. Pāṭikaṅkhanti paṭikaṅkhitabbaṃ, avassaṃ bhāvīti attho. Aññāti arahattaṃ. Sati vā upādiseseti upādānasese vā sati aparikkhīṇe. Anāgāmitāti anāgāmibhāvo.

Evaṃ sattannaṃ vassānaṃ vasena sāsanassa niyyānikabhāvaṃ dassetvā puna tato appatarepi kāle dassento ‘‘tiṭṭhantu, bhikkhave’’tiādimāha. Sabbampi cetaṃ majjhimasseva neyyapuggalassa vasena vuttaṃ. Tikkhapaññaṃ pana sandhāya – ‘‘pāto anusiṭṭho sāyaṃ visesaṃ adhigamissati, sāyaṃ anusiṭṭho pāto visesaṃ adhigamissatī’’ti (ma. ni. 2.345) vuttaṃ.

Iti bhagavā ‘‘evaṃniyyānikaṃ, bhikkhave, mama sāsana’’nti dassetvā ekavīsatiyāpi ṭhānesu arahattanikūṭena desitaṃ desanaṃ niyyātento ‘‘ekāyano ayaṃ, bhikkhave, maggo…pe… iti yaṃ taṃ vuttaṃ, idametaṃ paṭicca vutta’’nti āha. Sesaṃ uttānatthamevāti.

Papañcasūdaniyā majjhimanikāyaṭṭhakathāya

Satipaṭṭhānasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Paṭhamavaggavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

-ooOoo-

II Thảo Luận: TT Giác Đẳng điều hành

Thảo luận 1. Tại sao trong Thắng Pháp Abhidhamma thuộc tánh niệm không bao giờ có mặt trong tâm bất thiện nhưng trong Kinh Tạng thì có nói tới tà niệm? - TT Tuệ Siêu

Thảo luận 2. Niệm - sati - liên quan thế nào đối với trí nhớ hay ký ức? - TT Tuệ Siêu

Thảo luận 3. Pháp tu tứ niệm xứ thường được gọi là thiền vipassana. Sati liên hệ thế nào tới vipassana? - TT Tuệ Siêu

Thảo luận 4. Bát chánh đạo thường được hiểu là “con đường đưa đến sự diệt khổ”. Trong bài kinh hôm nay chánh niệm dường như “bao sân”. Có thể chăng để nói là người tu tập chỉ cần tu chánh niệm là đủ mà không cần bảy chi phần còn lại của bát chánh đạo? - TT Pháp Đăng

III Trắc Nghiệm

Lớp Phật Pháp Buddhadhamma

Tuesday, June 30, 2020

Bài học. Thứ Ba, ngày 30 tháng 6, 2020

Chùa Pháp Luân

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